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Semester 3 PM Exam 5 > Electrotherapy 3 > Flashcards

Electrotherapy 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Iontophoresis is what

A

Ions into the body with the assist of a direct current

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2
Q

Phonophoresis is what

A

use of sound waves to drive whole molecules through the skin

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3
Q

Iontophoresis uses ___ to ____

A

direct current to drive ions to tissues

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4
Q

Ions

A

positively or negatively charged particles

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5
Q

Like charges

A

repel

opposites attract

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6
Q

iontophoresis - Negative ions move away from ___ and toward ___

A

Away from the negative electrode (cathode) and toward the positive electrode (anode)

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7
Q

iontophoresis - Negative ion set up - leads to

A

an acidic reaction of pH in tissue

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8
Q

iontophoresis - Positive ions move away from ___ and toward ___

A

Away from the positive electrode and toward the negative electrode

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9
Q

iontophoresis - Positive ion set up leads to

A

alkaline reaction of pH in the tissue

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10
Q

iontophoresis - Active electrode

A

electrode used to deliver the ion

Has the medication on it

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11
Q

iontophoresis - Current density - recommended that

A

recommended that the negative electrode be larger

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12
Q

iontophoresis - Impedance - skin and fat

A

Skin and fat have high impedance

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13
Q

iontophoresis - Conductance - blood flow and sweat glands

A

sweat glands and blood flow to the area –>

this will inc conductance and dec impedance

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14
Q

As treatment progresses, what happens to impedance - iontophoresis

A

decreases as treatment progresses

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15
Q

Dosage (Iontophoresis) - expressed in

A

expressed in mA*min

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16
Q

Dosage ranges for iontophoresis

A

ranges from 0-80 with typical doses being 40 or 80 mA * min

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17
Q

iontophoresis - usually amplitude from 0-4 mA - so if overall goal for dosage is 40mA * min and get to 2 mA and patient says no more - how long will it take for patient to get their dose

A

20 minutes

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18
Q

iontophoresis - usually amplitude from 0-4 mA - so if overall goal for dosage is 80mA * min and get to 4 mA and patient says no more - how long will it take for patient to get their dose

A

20 minutes

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19
Q

Ion quantity - dosage - iontophoresis - what would get you an increased ion transfer

A

Higher intensity, longer duration = increased ion transfer

20
Q

Ion quantity - dosage - iontophoresis - electrolyte concentrations up to

A

1-2%

21
Q

Current intensity - iontophoresis

A

between 3-5 mA

Usually 0-4 is what machines allow

22
Q

Current intensity - iontophoresis - what do you usually need to get channels open

A

3mA

23
Q

What do you need to do iontophoresis

A

In iowa, need physician prescription or referral

24
Q

Current intensity - iontophoresis - size of electrode determines

A

max intensity tolerated

25
Q

Treatment duration - iontophoresis

A

depends on desired dosage and intensity

10-20 minutes

26
Q

Treatment duration - iontophoresis - can leave the medicated electrode in place for how long

A

12-24 hours
some reason to do and some reason not to do this
some say get remaining ions will get out

27
Q

Iontophoresis - electrodes and electrode placement - buffered

A

to protect against the acidic and alkaline reactions

28
Q

Iontophoresis - electrodes and electrode placement - skin prep

A

use alcohol and light water to decrease impedence

29
Q

Iontophoresis - electrode and electrode placement - active electrode where

A

over the are to be treated

30
Q

Iontophoresis - electrode and electrode placement - dispersive electrode where

A

separated by at least diameter of the active electrode

typically on a meaty/fleshy area (just to be more comfortable)

31
Q

Iontophoresis only works with drugs/substances that

A

can dissolve into ions
have relatively small ions
are in solution
are effective on a small treatment area

32
Q

Iontophoresis - need to identify the drugs what

A

polarity and indication

33
Q

Most common medications in clinical practice for iontophoresis

A 
dexamethasone (steroid/antiinflammatory)
phosphate
lidocaine
acetic acid
salicylate
34
Q

Acetate from acetic acid (vinegar) is what type and is used for what

A

negative solution

dissolves calcium deposits (used for bone spurs)

35
Q

Dexamethazone is what type of solution and what can it be used for

A

negative

anti-inflammatory by reducing synthesis of prostaglandins

36
Q

Anderson study - dexamethasone shows to have…

A

passive diffusion
10 min = 2mm into skin
6.5 hrs later = 12 mm into skin
Target tissue has to be pretty superficial

37
Q

Hybresis by Empi - is what

A

patch applied with medication as in traditional iontophoresis

38
Q

Hybresis - dose controller

A

Attached to patch for 3mA for 3 min to reduce impedance of skin and opens the channels for medication to pass through

39
Q

If hybresis patch has 3 volt batteries that deliver 80 mA min for 2 hrs, what is the intensity

A

80mA min = ___ * 120 min

mA would be 0.66

40
Q

Indications for iontophoresis

A 
Inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions
Pain
Scar tissue modification
Wound healing
Edema
Calcific deposits 
Hyperhidrosis
41
Q

Contraindications/precautions for iontophoresis

A

Skin sensitivity
Allergy or sensitivity to the ion or electrolyte solution (this is key)
Pacemaker
Impaired cognition/sensation

42
Q

Safety - iontophoresis

A

burns more likely from DC

More likely to burn under cathode

43
Q

Normal skin after

A

Pink skin coloration

44
Q

Biofeedback is what

A

Feedback provided by a device measuring real time biological data

45
Q

EMG biofeedback

A

Uses electronic or electromechanical instruments to accurately measure, process, and feedback reinforcing information via auditory and visual signals

46
Q

Amplitude of EMG biofeedback is effected by

A 
Size of motor units under electrodes
Number of motor units under electrodes
Distance of muscle fibers from electrodes
Size of recording area
Interelectrode distance
47
Q

Indication for use of EMG biofeedback

A 
mm re-education
Regaining neuromuscular control
Inc isometric and isotonic strength 
Relaxation of mm spasm or tightness
Psychological relaxation

Semester 3 PM Exam 5 (10 decks)

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