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Semester 3 PM Exam 5 > Electrotherapy 2 > Flashcards

Electrotherapy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Safety - you need to do what beforehand

A

Sensory testing
Cognitive testing
Proper electrical grounding
Inspect and maintain equipment

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2
Q

Pain modulation protocols

A

Sensory level
Motor level
Noxious level

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3
Q

Muscle re-education/strengthening protocols

A 
Muscle re-ed
Muscle strengthening
Functional Estim
Muscle spasm reduction
Biofeedback
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4
Q

Sensory level pain modulation - current type

A

Alternating current

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5
Q

Sensory level pain modulation - target tissue

A

A Beta Fiber

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6
Q

Sensory level pain modulation - polarity

A

balanced

we do not want any polarity

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7
Q

Sensory level pain modulation - frequency

A

higher frequency = more comfort

80-150 Hz

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8
Q

Sensory level pain modulation - pulse duration

A

take the machine as low as possible

20-50 usec

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9
Q

Sensory level pain modulation - on/off time

A

continuous

we want to counter irritation

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10
Q

Sensory level pain modulation - intensity

A

pleasant tingling but no muscle contraction

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11
Q

Sensory level pain modulation - electrode placement

A

surround the dragon
bipolar or quadripolar
can use dermatome or acupressure points

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12
Q

Sensory level pain modulation - treatment duration

A

20-30 min

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13
Q

Sensory level pain modulation - effect theory

A

gate control theory

A beta to stimulate non painful input and compete with the painful signals

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14
Q

Sensory level pain modulation - length of effect

A

no residual effect

when machine is turned off, their pain will return

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15
Q

Sensory level pain modulation - use it when

A

Maybe to relieve pain while doing something else (ROM, adhesive capsulitis)
Maybe after session too, to reduce pain
Can also send patient home with it

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16
Q

Sensory level pain modulation - AKA

A

TENS

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17
Q

Motor level pain modulation - AKA

A

low frequency TENS

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18
Q

Motor level pain modulation - current type

A

Alternating

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19
Q

Motor level pain modulation - target tissue

A

alpha motor neuron

goal is muscle twitch

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20
Q

Motor level pain modulation - polarity

A

none

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21
Q

Motor level pain modulation - frequency

A

2-10 Hz

We just want a muscle twitch, not tetany

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22
Q

Motor level pain modulation - pulse duration

A

150 usec for small mm

300-400 usec for others

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23
Q

Motor level pain modulation - on/off time

A

continuous

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24
Q

Motor level pain modulation - intensity

A

tingling and then keep turning up until feel muscle twitch

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25
Q

Motor level pain modulation - electrode placement

A

bipolar or quadripolar
at muscle belly
motor points

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26
Q

Motor level pain modulation - treatment duration

A

30 - 45 min

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27
Q

Motor level pain modulation - effect theory

A

endogenous opioid

inc amount of circulating opioids

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28
Q

Motor level pain modulation - length of effect

A

several hours

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29
Q

Noxious TENS - current type

A

direct

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30
Q

Noxious TENS - target tissue

A

C fiber

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31
Q

Noxious TENS - polarity

A

present due to direct current

we aren’t using it though

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32
Q

Noxious TENS - pulse duration

A

1 msec to 1 sec

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33
Q

Noxious TENS - on/off time

A

none

you are treating one spot and moving on to another essentially

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34
Q

Noxious TENS - intensity

A

max tolerated, noxious

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35
Q

Noxious TENS - electrode placement

A

trigger points
painful points
often using an activator (or wand, probe) or point stimulator

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36
Q

Noxious TENS - treatment duration

A

vary depending on number of points treated

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37
Q

Noxious TENS - effect theory

A

endogenous opioids

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38
Q

Noxious TENS - length of effect

A

several hours

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39
Q

Interferential current (IFC) - current type

A

interferential current

need medium frequency generator machine

40
Q

Interferential current (IFC) - target tissue

A

A beta

41
Q

Interferential current (IFC) - polarity

A

none

42
Q

Interferential current (IFC) - on/off time

A

continuous

43
Q

Interferential current (IFC) - intensity

A

Max tolerated, pleasant tingling without a muscle twitch

44
Q

Interferential current (IFC) - electrode placement

A

quadripolar is more often used with channels crossing

45
Q

Interferential current (IFC) - treatment duration

A

20-30 minutes

46
Q

Interferential current (IFC) - effect theory

A

gate control theory

47
Q

Interferential current (IFC) - length of effect

A

no residual effect

48
Q

Muscle re-education - current type

A

alternating

49
Q

Muscle re-education - target tissue

A

alpha motor neuron

50
Q

Muscle re-education - polarity

A

none

51
Q

Muscle re-education - frequency

A

35-80 Hz

52
Q

Muscle re-education - pulse duration

A

150 usec for small mm

300 - 400 usec for other

53
Q

Muscle re-education - on/off time

A

1:3 ratio

54
Q

Muscle re-education - intensity

A

sustained contraction

55
Q

Muscle re-education - electrode placement

A

bipolar
quadripolar
parallel to muscle fiber

56
Q

Muscle re-education - treatment duration

A

varies - until patient can volitionally contract the mm or the mm fatigues

57
Q

Muscle re-education - what do we want

A

isometric contraction

best to position muscle in mid range (or position of function) and stabilze distal extremity

58
Q

Muscle re-education - length of effect

A

NA

59
Q

Muscle re-education - what do we want

A

isometric contraction

best to position muscle in mid range (or position of function) and stabilze distal extremity

60
Q

Muscle strengthening - current type

A

alternating

61
Q

Muscle strengthening - target tissue

A

alpha motor neuron

62
Q

Muscle strengthening - polarity

A

none

63
Q

Muscle strengthening - frequency

A

35-80 Hz

64
Q

Muscle strengthening - pulse duration

A

150 usec small mm

300-400 for other

65
Q

Muscle strengthening - on/off time

A

1:5 ratio

66
Q

Muscle strengthening - intensity

A

maximum isometric contraction

67
Q

Muscle strengthening - electrode placement

A

bipolar
quadripolar
parallel to the muscle bellies

68
Q

Muscle strengthening - treatment duration

A

goal of 10-12 repititions

69
Q

Muscle strengthening - what do we want

A

isometric contraction

best to position muscle in mid range (or position of function) and stabilze distal extremity

70
Q

Functional Estim - current type

A

alternating

71
Q

Functional Estim - target tissue

A

alpha motor neurons

72
Q

Functional Estim - polarity

A

none

73
Q

Functional Estim - frequency

A

35-80 Hz

74
Q

Functional Estim - pulse duration

A

150 Hz for small mm

300-400 Hz for other

75
Q

Functional Estim - on/off time

A

1:3

76
Q

Functional Estim - intensity

A

sustained contraction

77
Q

Functional Estim - doing what

A

Same as mm re-ed but having the patient perform a functional task while applying the estim

78
Q

Functional Estim - treatment duration

A

Varies

until patient can volitionally contract the mm or the mm fatigues

79
Q

Functional Estim - goal

A

to get the patient to perform a functional task while applying the estim

80
Q

Russian - polarity

A

none

81
Q

Russian - target tissue

A

alpha motor neuron

82
Q

Russian - on/off time

A

1: 5 strengthening
1: 3 re-ed

83
Q

Russian - intensity

A

Strengthening - stop at max isometric contraction

Re-ed - stop at isometric contraction

84
Q

Russian - electrode placement

A

bipolar
quadripolar
Parallel to mm fibers

85
Q

Russian - treatment duration

A 
re-ed = until mm fatigues or volitional contraction
strengthening = 10-12 reps
86
Q

Spasm reduction - target tissue

A

alpha motor neuron

87
Q

Spasm reduction - polarity

A

none

88
Q

Spasm reduction - frequency

A

35-80 Hz

89
Q

Spasm reduction - pulse duration

A

150 for small

300-400 usec for other

90
Q

Spasm reduction on/off time

A

1:1 ratio
goal is muscle fatigue
(maybe 10 sec on and 10 off)

91
Q

Spasm reduction - intensity

A

max isometric contraction

92
Q

Spasm reduction - electrode placement

A

bipolar
quadripolar
parallel to mm fiber

93
Q

Spasm reduction - treatment duration

A

until the muscle fatigues

94
Q

When is interferential often used

A

sensory level pain modulation

95
Q

Russian is often used for

A

muscle strength

muscle re-ed

Semester 3 PM Exam 5 (10 decks)

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