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Semester 3 PM Exam 5 > Intro to Occupational Mechanics > Flashcards

Intro to Occupational Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Ergo

A

work

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2
Q

Nomos or Nomoi

A

natural laws

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3
Q

Ergonomics

A

Management and labor recognize that injury reduced performance reflect a mismatch between the worker, the task, and the environment

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4
Q

Mistmatch does what

A

predisposes to injury

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5
Q

Individual

A

Body size and shape (anthropometrics)
Fitness level/injury history
Off-work activities
Psychological status, motivation

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6
Q

Environment

A

Physical layout

Psychological demands

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7
Q

Top occupations

A

Nursing aids, orderlies, and attendants
Laborers
Janitors and cleaners
Truck drivers - heavy and tractor trailor
Registered nurses
Truck driver - light or delivery services

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8
Q

Top causes of injury

A

Overexertion

Repetitive motion

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9
Q

Types of injuries from most to least common

A 
Sprain and strain
Contusions
Lacerations
Fractures
Burn
Cumulative trauma
Tendonitis
ChemBurns
Amputations
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10
Q

Ergonomics - psychologists investigate

A

mental function and the workplace

Human factors, cognitive factors

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11
Q

Ergonomics - exercise physiologists evaluate

A

metabolic, respiratory and cardiovascular effects of prolonged, strenuous activities in industry
Work physiology

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12
Q

Occupational biomechanics

A

apply laws of physics and engineering concepts to describe motion undergone by various body segments

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13
Q

Biomechanics is the science concerned with

A

the mechanical behavior of the NMS and component tissues when physical tasks are performed

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14
Q

Chafflin/Anderson/Vardaxis definition of occupational biomechanics

A

Study of physical interaction of workers with their tools, machines, and materials aiming to idtentify risk of injury, control stresses and energy expenditure, and improve worker performance, efficiency, and comfort

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15
Q

Who uses occupational biomechanics

A

Engineers
Safety managers
Allied health providers

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16
Q

Kinematics

A

time and space
Displacement
Velocity
Acceleration

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17
Q

Kinetics

A

Force (torque) and energy

F=ma

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18
Q

Occupational biomechanics complements___

A

psychological and physiological knowledge

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19
Q

Occupational biomechanics considers interaction of

A

worker, task, and workplace

20
Q

Occupational biomechanics focus is

A

mechanical stress on the body

21
Q

Mechanical stress =

A

force/area

22
Q

Epidemiological support of occupational biomechanics

A

Health and quality of life are greatly reduced for many because of musculoskeletal disorders

23
Q

We want to maximize safety and productivity - in order to do that we need to

A 
min fatigue and overexertion
Improve quality and quantity of output
Min time lost and cost of injury
Min absenteeism and turnover
BUT important to fit the job of the worker
24
Q

Social/legal support for occupational biomechanics

A 
Hiring cannot discriminate on basis of
Age
Race
Gender
Disability 
BUT jobs must not provide undue risk for injury
25
Q

OSHA act of 1970 - Employers are to provide employers with

A 
A safe working environment
Safe tools
Knowledge of hazards
Competent fellow employees and managers
Safety rules
26
Q

Implementing a program - attitude

A

Employee - self help

Employer - investment

27
Q

Safety must be accpeted as

A

Legally necessary
Economically advantageous
Ethically imperative

28
Q

Event - sudden force

Trauma type =

A

Impact

29
Q

Event - sudden force
Trauma type = impact
Typical medical outcomes =

A 
Contusion (bruise)
Laceration (cuts)
Sprain (ligament)
Fracture (bone)
Subluxation/dislocation (joint)
Concussion (brain)
30
Q

Event - volitional activity

Trauma type =

A

Overexertion

31
Q

Event - volitional activity
Trauma type = overexertion
Typical medical outcome

A 
Muscle strain
Tendonitis 
Tenosynovitis
Myofascial disorders
Nerve entrapment
Low back pain
32
Q

Event - repeated motion

Trauma type

A

Overexertion, overuse injury

33
Q

Occupational risk factors - principle

A

FIT
Frequency (repetition)
Intensity (force exerted)
Time (duration of loading)

34
Q

Anthropometry

A

deals with the measure of size, mass, shape and inertial properties of the human body segments

35
Q

Biomechanical models

A

facilitate predication of a body’s response and the design of the work space interface

36
Q

Body segment - links

Link length can be defined as

A

the distance between projected centers

37
Q

Injury risk (lives) depends on

A

the validity of the model

38
Q

The mass of the body segments adds

A

additional stresses to the body beyond those exerted by external forces
Resistance to acceleration

39
Q

These weight related stresses can be

A

of considerable magnitude in certain postures

a force

40
Q

Insufficient to know only the mass (weight) of a body segment to perform an analysis - must locate

A

the center of mass fo reach segment

41
Q

Need to know

A

Mass center location in segment
% TBM (weight)
Link length

42
Q

When a segment translates and/or rotates during dynamic activities what needs to be considered

A

The inertial properties

43
Q

Moment of inertia is not only mass, but

A

mass distribution

44
Q

Greater the moment of inertia, the

A

greater the inertial load

and the greater the joint stress

45
Q

Anthropometric data defines the

A

Reach and space requirements of a specified population or equipment user
Important consideration for workplace design

46
Q

Workplace analysis - tables of what kind of data

A

percentiles

90%

47
Q

Summary -

A

Knowledge of anthropometry is important
Anthropometrics is basis of models
Design must accomodate 5th to 95th percentile

Semester 3 PM Exam 5 (10 decks)

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