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Semester 3 PM Exam 5 > Electrotherapy 4 > Flashcards

Electrotherapy 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Edema management - protocols

A

Muscle pump - edema control

High volt pulsed current - edema prevention

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2
Q

Muscle pump allows for

A

muscle contractions in the affected extremity while keeping the injured part protected

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3
Q

High volt uses

A

electrical field to induce movement of proteins into lymphatics

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4
Q

High volt facilitates

A

contraction of smooth muscle in lymphatics

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5
Q

High volt indirectly activates what

A

the autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

Effects of electrical stimulation on tissue healing

A

Inc microcirculation
Dec sympathetic tone
Inc regional blood flow through muscle contraction
Edema changes
Closure and bacteriostatic effect on wounds

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7
Q

Edema control - muscle pump - current type

A

alternating

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8
Q

Edema control - muscle pump - target tissue

A

alpha motor neuron

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9
Q

Edema control - muscle pump - polarity

A

no

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10
Q

Edema control - muscle pump - frequency

A

35-80 Hz

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11
Q

Edema control - muscle pump - pulse duration

A

300-400 usec

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12
Q

Edema control - muscle pump - on/off

A

1:1 ratio

more of a pumping action

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13
Q

Edema control - muscle pump - intensity

A

minimum to depolarize the alpha motor neuron

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14
Q

Edema control - muscle pump - electrode placement

A

bipolar or quadripolar

parallel to muscle fiber

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15
Q

Edema control - muscle pump - treatment duration

A

20-30 mintues

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16
Q

Edema control - muscle pump - effect theory

A

muscle pump will help to move edema out

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17
Q

Edema control - muscle pump - length of effect

A

variable - elevating the involved area if possible

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18
Q

Edema control - high volt - current type

A

high volt pulsed

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19
Q

Edema control - high volt - target tissue

A

smooth muscle, a beta fiber

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20
Q

Edema control - high volt - polarity

A

Yes - can choose either positive or negative - we will have it because it is monophasic
We arent using it though

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21
Q

Edema control - high volt - frequency

A

80-150 Hz

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22
Q

Edema control - high volt - intensity

A

pleasant tingling

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23
Q

Edema control - high volt - electrode placement

A

surround the dragon

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24
Q

Edema control - high volt - treatment duration

A

20-30 minutes

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25
Edema control - high volt - effect theory
effect smooth muscle, autonomic nervous system
26
Edema control - high volt - length of effect
4-5 hours | most effective within 24 hours of the injury
27
E stim for wound healing - used when
Patients havent responded to other treatments Multiple comorbidiites that predict a wound might need help healing Treatment site has access and estim fits into model of care
28
Estim for wound healing - medicare
covers treatment of chronic wounds (stage 3-4) - neuropathic, pressure ulcer, arterial insufficiency, venous insufficiency
29
Wound - before use of estim
Wound must be nonchanging for 30 days before use of estim
30
evidence for estim for wounds - most use polarity
alternating polarity (neg first) is more effective than keeping the same polarity
31
Most effect - evidence for estim wounds - with what type
pressure ulcers
32
Theoretical mechanisms by which e stim promotes tissue healing - current of injury theory
Negative polarity when injured and we want to return wound to positive polarity by treating with positive electrode Very low intensity (1mA) 2 hours/2 times per day
33
Theoretical mechanisms by which e stim promotes tissue healing - protein synthesis theory
Estim trigger Ca channel opening in fibroblast cell membrane Inc intracellular Ca causes additional insulin receptors on cell surface Insulin binds to receptors on fibroblast and ***stimulates fibroblasts to synthesize collagen and DNA
34
Theoretical mechanisms by which e stim promotes tissue healing - Galvanotaxis
attraction of cells to electric polarity Neg polarity initially to bring in neutrophils and leukocytes and then switch to positive to call in fibroblasts and epidermal cells New or Infected wound - you want to use neg electrode Without inflammation - use positive electrode
35
Theoretical mechanisms by which e stim promotes tissue healing - inc antimicrobial activity
Neg polarity has bacteriocidal effect and will help clean the wound
36
Theoretical mechanisms by which e stim promotes tissue healing - Angiogenesis
Production of new BVs in a wound | Inc cutaneous blood flow under the cathode
37
Theoretical mechanisms by which e stim promotes tissue healing - Inc tissue oxygenation tension
Inc oxygen will promote healing and dec bacteria | HPVC has been shown to inc partial pressure of O2
38
Protocol for wound healing
Make sure patient is candidate for estim | Determine biological phase of wound healing
39
Estim for wounds - Other considerations beforehand
Infection control Sometimes will need to do debridement before Inspect the wound before and after tx Conductive medium (esp if wound is dry)
40
Types of wounds
``` pressure ulcers (most support) Diabetic ulcers Vascular ulcers Traumatic and surgery wounds Donor sites Tissue flaps Burns ```
41
Estim for wounds - contraindications/precautions
``` CA Osteomyelitis Superficial metal or residue Pacemaker Pregnancy Thrombophlebitis COnfused patient Sensory impairment Impaired circulation Heart conduction problem Wound care products composed of hypertonic salt solutions or metal ions (zinc, silver) ```
42
Wound healing (uninfected, subacute/chronic) - current type
Monophasic | HVPC
43
Wound healing (uninfected, subacute/chronic) - target tissue
wound bed
44
Wound healing (uninfected, subacute/chronic) - polarity
Start with negative for 3 days and then switch to positive
45
Wound healing (uninfected, subacute/chronic) - frequency
80-150 Hz
46
Wound healing (uninfected, subacute/chronic) - on/off time
continuous
47
Wound healing (uninfected, subacute/chronic) - intensity
Subsensory 1-5mA Patient doesnt need to feel it
48
Wound healing (uninfected, subacute/chronic) - electrode placement
``` Active = wound bed Dispersive = proximal to active - out of wound though ```
49
Wound healing (uninfected, subacute/chronic) - treatment duration
2-3 hours 2-3 times per day
50
Wound healing (uninfected, subacute/chronic) - effect theory
stimulate proliferation | fibroblast activity
51
Wound healing (infected wound) - current type
Monophasic | HVPC
52
Wound healing (infected wound) - target tissue
wound bed
53
Wound healing (infected wound) - polarity
Change to positive after infection is cleared
54
Wound healing (infected wound) - frequency
80-150 Hz
55
Wound healing (infected wound) - on/off time
continuous
56
Wound healing (infected wound) - intensity
subsensory
57
Wound healing (infected wound) - electrode placement
Active - wound bed | Dispersive - proximal to wound
58
Wound healing (infected wound) - treatment duration
2-3 hours
59
Wound healing (infected wound) - effect theory
negative pole will draw in neutrophils
60
Wound healing (infected wound) - length of effect
if infected, until no longer infected

Semester 3 PM Exam 5 (10 decks)

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