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GCSE Eduqas History America > Search for world peace > Flashcards

Search for world peace Flashcards

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1
Q

Détente

A

easing of tensions between the US and the USSR in the 1970’s

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2
Q

4 reasons for détente

A

Vietnam
Arms Limitations
Invasion of czechoslvakia
Cuba

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3
Q

who repaired relations w communist china?

A

Nixon

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4
Q

3 ‘baskets’ of the Helsinki agreement

A

security
human rights
cooperation

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5
Q

SECURITY// Helsinki Agreement

A

each country recognised the current land borders of europe

USSR previously refused to recognise West Germany

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6
Q

HUMAN RIGHTS// Helsinki
Agreement

A

everyone country to have basic freedoms

freedom of speech, relgion

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7
Q

COOPERATION// Helsinki Agreement

A

every country to call for further cooperation in science, culture and trade

e.g Apollo-Soyuz
joint space mission between the American Apollo astronauts and Soviet Soyuz cosmonauts.

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8
Q

when was the helsinki agreement signed?

A

1975

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9
Q

what was the helsinki agreement?

A

International agreements between the USA, the Soviet Union and other countries covering a range of issues.`

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10
Q

when was SALT I signed

A

may 1972

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11
Q

what does SALT stand for?

A

strategic arms limitations talks

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12
Q

who was SALT signed by?

A

USSR and USA

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13
Q

policies of SALT I

A

-no new ICBMs to be built
-limited number of ABMs that each side could have
-no limitations on future developments of new weapons

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14
Q

what is an ICBM

A

long-range intercontinental ballistic missiles

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15
Q

what are ABMs

A

anti ballistic missiles
(missiles used to shoot down other’s missiles)

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16
Q

when was SALT II signed

A

June 1979

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17
Q

what did SALT II aim to do

A

limit total number of missiles each side could have

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18
Q

what issue arose w/ SALT II?

A

needed for it to be passed by a vote in the Senate for it to be officially recognised

BUT

Senate refused to vote for the treaty after the USSR invaded Afghanistan in 1979

19
Q

mujahideen

A

guerrilla movement

militant Islamic group who fought against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

20
Q

jihad

A

holy war

individual struggle against evil while following the way of Allah. It can also be collective defence of the Muslim community.

21
Q

how many troops did the USSR send in to Afghanistan in december 1979?

A

50,000 troops

22
Q

who was the leader of the USSR in 1979?

A

Brezhnev

23
Q

why was the soveit invavsion of Afghanistan the end of detente?

A

it was a shocking development

USA, China and UN condemned these actions

24
Q

how did president Carter respond to the invasion of Afghanistan?

A

was very firm as it threatened India and Pakistan (allies)

it also was a potential threat to oil supplies from the Persian Gulf

25
Q

what did Carter do in response to the invasion?

A

USA would give military force to protect its allies and the Persian Gulf

gave financial support to USA’s allies

ordered US to stop selling technology to the USSR

boycotted the 1980 olympics in MOSCOW

26
Q

OPERATION CYCLONE

A

weapons and money to the Mujahideen so that they could fight a guerrilla
war against the Soviet troops

27
Q

when did soviets withdraw from Afghanistan?

A

1989

28
Q

why did USSR withdraw from Afghanistan?

A

costs
casualties rising

29
Q

what became the symbol of the end of communist rule?

A

fall of berlin wall

30
Q

when did berlin wall fall?

A

1989

31
Q

when were the communist governments of Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia overthrown?

A

november 1989

32
Q

why was the US very interested in the Middle East?

A

due to the masses of oil

33
Q

how many US hostages were there?

A

66 people
(diplomats and their guards)

34
Q

when were the US hostages taken?

A

1979

35
Q

how were the americans taken as hostages?

A

American Embassy in Tehran was captured by extremists

36
Q

when were the American hostages freed?

A

when Reagan became president in Jan 1981

after 444 days of captivity

37
Q

Brezhnev Doctrine

A

USSR would put down any
attempted uprisings against communism

38
Q

SDI initiative

A

lasers and satellites which would destroy missiles before they landed in the US

USSR couldn’t compete w this initiative

39
Q

perestroika

A

Gorbachev policy
- accepting that some elements of capitalism are needed for a healthy economy

40
Q

glasnost

A

GORBACHEV POLICY
censorship of the press was relaxed

41
Q

when did the Arms race end?

A

Geneva Conference
Nov 1985

REAGAN

42
Q

When was INF treaty signed?

A

1987

43
Q

what did INF treaty do?

A

treaty was the first to reduce weapons and the first to allow inspections of each other’s nuclear arsenals

44
Q

when did the cold war end?

A

MALTA CONFERENCE 1989
(Bush Snr and Gorbachev)

GCSE Eduqas History America (8 decks)

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