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GCSE Eduqas History America > Economic downturn and recovery (1929-1945) > Flashcards

Economic downturn and recovery (1929-1945) Flashcards

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1
Q

when was the wall street crash?

A

October 1929

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2
Q

what did the wall street crash cause?

A

economic depression
GREAT DEPRESSION

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3
Q

Was there a Welfare state during the great depression?

A

no, usa didn’t have a welfare system

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4
Q

what is a ‘breadline’

A

line in which people in extreme poverty who could not buy food would queue up for food handouts

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5
Q

what is a ‘hooverville’?

A

name for shanty towns built during the great depression
(Named after President Hoover)

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6
Q

what is a ‘hobo’?

A

workers who travelled around the US looking for work

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7
Q

how many Hobos travelled around the US looking for work?

A

estimated 2 milliion
travelled by foot, cars or on the railroad

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8
Q

When was the Bonus March?

A

March 1932

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9
Q

What was the Bonus March?

A

group of unemployed war veterans marched to Washingotn demanding that their Bonuses be paid early

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10
Q

How many people marched in the Bonus March

A

between 20,000 to 40,000
(war veterans and their families)

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11
Q

How many veterans chose to stay in a hooverville by the Capitol Building during the Bonus March?

A

roughly 15,000

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12
Q

How was the Bonus March resolved?

A

Congress refused to pay the Bonus BUT offered to pay for marchers to regain their homes

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13
Q

What happend to the hooverville built by the Capitol building during the Bonus March?

A

President Hoover sent in troops with tear gas and tanks to remove the marchers and their Hooverville.

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14
Q

How did the Bonus March affect Hoover’s popularity?

A

made him even more unpopular
- seemed as if he didn’t care about people’s suffering caused by Great Depression

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15
Q

How many shares were sold on ‘Black Thursday’?

A

13 million

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16
Q

How many unemployed by the end of 1929?

A

2.5 million

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17
Q

How many unemployed by 1932?

A

13 million

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18
Q

what percent were unemployed in 1933?

A

black people- 50%
white people- 20%

19
Q

how did the republican GOVT handle depression?

A

laissez faire approach
(no interference)

rugged individualism
(personal liberty and free competition)

20
Q

1929 Agricultural Marketing Act

A

set up Federal Farm Board.

intended to help keep prices for farm produce high by buying up anything farmers could not sell at market

21
Q

was the 1929 Agricultural Marketing Act effective?

A

no, as it encouraged farmers to continue to overproduce

as a result price of farm produce continued to fall.

22
Q

Who were ‘Okies?

A

farmers from the state of Oklahoma who had lost their farms

23
Q

What did ‘Okies and Arkies’ do?

A

migrated across USA to California looking for work (growing fruit)

24
Q

What is the ‘Dust Bowl’?

A

name given to large area of land where over farming led to soil being impossible to farm

25
Q

how many ‘Okies and Arkies’ were there?

A

more than 1 million

26
Q

Did ‘Okies and Arkies’ manage to find jobs?

A

Farmers in the west were happy to employ
them as they worked for low wages.

27
Q

Suicide rate in 1932

A

17.4 per 1000

28
Q

Which President won the 1932 election?

A

ROOSEVELT
(by a landslide)

29
Q

How many states voted for Hoover in the 1932 election?

A

6 out of 48

30
Q

What was the New Deal based on?

A

RELIEF
RECOVERY
REFORM

31
Q

What were fireside chats?

A

personal explanations of his policies on the radio

THEY RESTORED CONFIDENCE TO PEOPLE

32
Q

What was Roosevelst first Fireside chat about?

A

BANKING CRISIS
He assured the US people the banks would only
open when they were secure.

33
Q

what was the AAA

A

Aimed by increasing farmers income ,paid them to produce less as a was of gaining profit.(Recovery)

34
Q

what was the CCC

A

creation of jobs for men aged between 18-25
e.g. planting trees.

2 million men were given work via this agency (Relief)

35
Q

what was the EBA

A

Prevented banks from investing savings into the stock market.(Reform)

36
Q

Who opposed the New Deal?

A

Huey Long
Politicians from both parties
Supreme Court

37
Q

What are the ALPHABET AGENCIES?

A

US GOVt agencies founded to create jobs & provide servives to help RECOVERY

38
Q

When was second new deal established

A

1936 after roosevelt gained his second term

39
Q

What did the second new deal focus on?

A

welfare and rights of workers

40
Q

example of a second new deal act

A

SOCIAL SECURITY ACT

provided benefits for the elderly, the disabled and the unemployed, widows and orphans

41
Q

Successes of the NEW DEAL

A

confidence rest0red
banks were stabilised
millions of jobs created
pensions provided

42
Q

Oppositions to the NEW DEAL

A

Huey Long (governor of Louisiana) said more should’ve been done to share America’s wealth

Some agencies discriminated against African Americans

43
Q

Example of alphabet agency that DISCRIMANTED African Americans

A

CCC Segregated African Americans from white Americans.

GCSE Eduqas History America (8 decks)

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