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GCSE Eduqas History America > Civil Rigbts 1941-1970 > Flashcards

Civil Rigbts 1941-1970 Flashcards

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1
Q

Were the US armed forces segregated at the beginning of WW2?

A

yes

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2
Q

How many black americans were serving in the armed forces by 1945?

A

750,000

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3
Q

At the beginning of lWW2 what roles could black americans take in the army?

A

supporting roles
(working in kitchens, carrying messages)

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4
Q

Why were black americans allowed on to the front lines?

A

black Americans were needed to fill positions in the forces as troop numbers fell when white Americans were wounded or killed

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5
Q

Who was Dwight D Eisenhower?

A

supreme commander of the Allied forces in Europe

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6
Q

What did Dwight D Eisenhower support?

A

idea of integrating black and white soldiers to fight together

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7
Q

What is Executive order 8802?

A

banned discrimination against black Americans in work

issued by ROOSEVELT

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8
Q

How many Black Americans worked in war industries?

A

roughly 2 million

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9
Q

How many people died/injured in the race riot in Detroit 1943?

A

34 died
700 injured

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10
Q

How much damage was caused in the Detroit race riots 1943?

A

2 million USD worth of damage

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11
Q

How many Black americans were stationed in Britain in 1942?

A

150,000

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12
Q

Were black soldiers treated better in the UK or US?

A

UK
For many (outside the bases) it was the first time where they didn’t experience segregation

Inside the bases they were still segregated

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13
Q

What is the NAACP

A

The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People

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14
Q

When was the NAACP set up

A

1909, its works to bring out racial inequality

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15
Q

Why did NAACP membership increase significantly after WW2?

A

due to black peoples experiences in the war

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16
Q

How many NAACP members in 1945?

A

rose from 50,000 to 450,000 (by 1945)

17
Q

What is CORE

A

Congress Of Racial Equality

set up in 1942 by Gandhi

18
Q

What protest methods did CORE use

A

non violent
(sit ins at segregated cinemas and restaurants)

19
Q

Why was Trumans fair deal not passed?

A

southern senators in Congress stopped his proposal

20
Q

Brown V Topeka

A

1951

Linda Brown was denied access to school as her local one was White only

Her Parents asked the NAACP for help and the case went to Supreme Court

21
Q

Brown VS Topeka SC RESULT

A

May 1954
Justice Earl Warren stated that segregation in education went against the CONSITUTION

22
Q

Little Rock 9

A

9 black students attending Little Rock High School

Governor Faubus ordered state troopers to stop students attending the school.

Eisenhower was shocked and sent 1,200 federal troops to protect the children

23
Q

James Meredith

A

Attended University of Mississipi

SC demanded the Uni to allow him to study there

Kennedy sent 300 US marshals to protect Meredith (these troops stayed until he graduated)

Later 2,000 troops sent in due to riots

24
Q

Freedom rides

A

May 1961 CORE organised Freedom rides

Protestors would break segregation laws

In Anniston Alabama, one bus had its windows smashed and a petrol bomb thrown in to it

25
Q

Freedom rides RESULT

A

Kennedy sent US marshals to protect them

26
Q

How many black pilots were there by 1945?

A

600

27
Q

Why was MLK succesful?

A

charasmatic popular leader who gained worldwide media coverage

28
Q

When was Rosa Parks arrested?

A

December 1955 for refusing to give up her seat on the bus

29
Q

Why did MLK target Birmingham Alabama?

A

large black population
notorious racist chief of police (Bull Connor)

30
Q

When was March on Washington

A

august 1963

31
Q

How many people attended March on Washington

A

250,000

32
Q

What did MLK’s ‘I have a dream speech’ do?

A

televised across the USA

put pressure on JFK to pass civil rights bill

33
Q

When was Civil Rights act passed?

A

1964 by Johnson

34
Q

What did the Civil Rights act enable?

A

Segregation in hotels, motels, restaurants,
lunch counters & theatres was banned

Responsibility of federal gov to bring cases
to court to tackle discrimination

Black students given equal rights

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
set up

GCSE Eduqas History America (8 decks)

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