Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > SCX - Physics Energy > Flashcards

SCX - Physics Energy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Heat Energy

A

A form of energy that can be transferred. It is the total kinetic and potential energies of the particles that make up the object. Symbol = Q, Unit = J

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Temperature

A

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance. Symbol = T, Unit = °C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Joule(s)

A

The unit for energy. Unit = J

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Celcius

A

A temperature scale based around the melting and boiling points of water, Unit = °C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Kelvin

A

A temperature scale that starts from absolute zero, Unit = K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Absolute zero

A

The theoretical temperature at which all particles would stop moving (-273°C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Solid

A

Particles are packed tightly in a fixed pattern. Gently vibrating but are held together by a strong force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Liquid

A

Particles are moving and can slide past each other. They are not held together in a fixed pattern. Held together by a weaker force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gas

A

Particles are spread far apart and move about very quickly forces holding there movement cannot overcome there rapid movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thermal Conductor

A

A Thermal Conductor allows heat energy to flow through it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Thermal Insulator

A

A Thermal Conductor restricts the flow of heat energy through it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thermal

A

Relating to heat energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Easiest way to decide whether conduction is responsible for heat transfer

A
  • Normally in Solids however there are rare instances where is also occurs in liquids and gases
  • Objects are touching
  • Objects are not moving to cause the transfer (Stationary)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When does Convection occur

A

Convection occurs when the particles are free to move. This means that the objects must either be a liquid or gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does Convection occur

A

Ek increases -> vibrates more -> Forces weaken -> Moves apart -> Volume increase -> Density Decreases -> Heat rises (vice versa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Density Formula

A

D = m/V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Convection

A

The heat transfer process that occurs because objects are fluid. Their particles are free to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Radiation

A

The heat transfers process that occus without the need for particles/can travel through a vacuum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thermal Energy

A

The energy possessed by an object due to the movement of the particles within them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Heat Transfer

A

The transfer of thermal energy between molecules within a system. An object can gain heat or lose heat, either heating up or cooling down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Equation for heat energy with Temp change

A

Q = mcΔT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Equation for Latent heat energy

A

Q = mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

m

A

mass kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

c

A

Specific Heat Capacity (J kg-1 °C-1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ΔT

A

Temperature Change (°C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

L

A

Latent Heat (J Kg-1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat energy needed to change the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1 °C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Latent Heat

A

A measure of how much heat energy is absorbed or released when 1kg of substance changes state without changing temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Conduction

A

The heat transfer process that occurs because objects are touching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Equation for Power

A

P = E/t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

P

A

Power (Watts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

E

A

Energy (Joules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

t

A

Time (seconds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Amplitude (A)

A

This is the maximum displacement of the wave from its equilibrium position, measured in metres (m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Wavelength (λ)

A

This is the distance between two corresponding points in phase eg crest to crest, measured in metres (λ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Time Period (T)

A

This is the time taken for one complete wave to pass a point, measured in seconds (s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Frequency (f)

A

This is either the number of complete waves to pass a point each second, or alternatively the number of complete waves produced each second, measured in Hz or s-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Wave Velocity (V)

A

The velocity of the wave is a measure of how fast a wave moves, measured in ms-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Wave

A

Waves transfer energy without the transfer of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Oscillation of Longitudinal Waves

A

Parallel (Left and Right)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Oscillation of Transverse Waves

A

Perpendicular (Up and Down)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Examples of Transverse Waves (4)

A
  • Water
  • Light
  • Electromagnetic (EMR)
  • S Earthquakes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Examples of Longitudinal Waves (2)

A
  • Sound Waves
  • P Earthquakes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Micro (M)

A

x10^-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Nano (n)

A

x10^-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Pico (P)

A

x10^-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

milli (m)

A

x10^-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Equation for frequency

A

f = V/λ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Equation for time (waves)

A

T = 1/f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Similarities between Conduction and Convection

A

Both are methods of heat transfer. Both involve the movement of energy from a hotter region to a cooler region.

51
Q

Differences between Conduction and Convection

A

In conduction, heat is transferred from one atom or molecule to another through direct conduct. On the other hand, Convection heat is transferred by the movement of the fluid itself.
(Note: Remember to define both and provide examples)

52
Q

Describe heat transfer by radiation

A

Occurs when warm objects emit electromagnetic radiation. When they strike an object the are either absorbed, heating the object, or reflected. (+Define Radiation)

53
Q

Describe solar radiation

A

A general term for the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Sun. Includes all the wavelengths that make up the visible spectrum, and invisible wavelengths

54
Q

Speed Equation

A

V - d/t

55
Q

What is the speed of light / air

A

3 x 10^8 m/s

56
Q

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

Radio/TV - Microwaves - Infrared - ROYGBIV - Ultraviolet - X-Rays - Gamma Rays

57
Q

Application/Uses of Radio waves

A

Communication (radio and TV)

58
Q

Application/Uses of Microwave Waves

A

Heating food, communication (WiFi, mobile phones, satellites)

59
Q

Application/Uses of Infrared

A

Remote Controls, Fibre optic Communication, Thermal imaging, night vision, motion sensors, heating or cooling things

60
Q

Application/Uses of Visible light

A

Seeing and taking photographs/videos, fibre optic fibre communication

61
Q

Application/Uses of Ultraviolet

A

Security marking (fluoresce), Fluorescent bulbs, Getting a. sun tan

62
Q

Application/Uses of X-rays

A

X-ray images (medicine, airport security etc)

63
Q

Application/Uses of Gamma rays

A

Sterilising medicine instruments, treating cancer

64
Q

Properties of mechanical waves

A
  • Produces by disturbances in a medium
  • Need medium
65
Q

Properties of Electromagnetic waves

A
  • Produced by disturbance in electric and magnetic fields
  • No medium is necessary, can travel in a vacuum
66
Q

The higher the frequency…

A

The higher the pitch

67
Q

The higher the amplitude…

A

The louder the sound/ The brighter the light

68
Q

Law of reflection

A

Angle of reflection is equal to angle of incidence

69
Q

Index of refraction (n)

A

A ratio of the speed that light travels through a vacuum, compared to the speed that light travels through a specific medium

70
Q

Index of refraction formula

A

n = c/v
c = Speed of light in a vacuum, m/s
v = Speed of light in the medium, m/s

71
Q

Snell’s Law

A

n(1) sinθ(i) = n(2) sinθ(r)

72
Q

Mega

A

x10^6

73
Q

What is Particle Theory

A

All matter is made of particles which are always moving

74
Q

°C to K

A

+273

75
Q

Km/h -> m/s

A

/3.6

76
Q

Law of Energy Conservation

A

Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but can only be converted from one form to another

77
Q

Magnetic metals (Ferro magnetic material)

A
  • Iron
  • Nickel
  • Cobalt
78
Q

Paramagnetic Material

A

Cannot Magnetise

79
Q

Soft metal

A

Easy to magnetise but also loses its magnetism easily. Used in electromagnets and transformers

80
Q

Hard Metal

A

Harder to magnetise and also does not lose its magnetism easily. Used in permanent magnets

81
Q

Where do field lines run

A

North to South

82
Q

Magnetic Domains

A

All pieces of iron and steel are made of millions of these tiny magnetic domains

83
Q

Unmagnetised piece of iron

A

Magnetic domains are pointing in all directions so cancel out each other. Overall the iron is not magnetised

84
Q

Magnetised piece of iron

A

Magnetic domains pointing the same way. The iron is magnetised

85
Q

How is the direction of current symbolised

A

. = current towards (anti-clockwise)
x = current away (clockwise)

86
Q

Magnetic field calculating

A

B = KI/d

87
Q

K

A

Magnetic Constant = 2x10^-7

88
Q

B

A

Strength of magnetic field around the wire is tesla, T

89
Q

I

A

Current in amperes of amps (A)

90
Q

Solenoids

A
  • Controllable
  • A coil of wire
91
Q

Right hand Solenoid rule

A

Curl fingers in direction of conventional current, thumb will point to the North

92
Q

How to make a field stronger

A
  • By increasing the current through the wire (increasing Voltage or Decreasing Resistance)
  • By placing a strong iron core in the middle of the coil
  • By increasing the length of the wire (increasing num of loops or increasing the Area of the coil)
93
Q

Uses of Electromagnets

A
  • Used on cranes in steel-works and scrapyards
  • Used to remove splinters of iron or steel
  • Electric bells/doors
94
Q

Constructive magnetism

A

2 magnetic fields which move in the same direction, they add or amplify the magnetic field

95
Q

Destructive Magnetism

A

2 magnetic fields which move in opposite directions, they cancel out or subtract

96
Q

Alternating current (AC)

A

An electric current that periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude continuously with time

97
Q

Feature of AC Generator

A
  • Contains 2 slip rings
  • Within a magnetic field
98
Q

Uses of AC generator

A

Used in homes, industries and utilities for powering appliances and machinery

99
Q

Features of DC Generator

A
  • Contains split ring
100
Q

Main Nuclear Fuels

A

Uranium and Plutonium

101
Q

How is the energy from the sun transferred that falls on earth

A

By radiation, mostly visible light and infrared radiation

102
Q

Harnessing solar energy

A

Solar energy has a low energy density, which means large collecting devices are required

103
Q

Advantages of Solar energy

A
  • Renewable source
  • In many places on earth this is a reliable source
  • Produce no greenhouse gases or pollution
  • Can be generated in remote locations where they don’t have energy
104
Q

Disadvantages of Solar energy

A
  • Expensive
  • Visual Pollution
  • Some places on earth where this is not a reliable source
105
Q

Conditions for critical angle

A
  • More optically dense to less optically dense substance
  • Angle of refraction in 90deg
106
Q

Critical Angle

A

The incident angle which causes an angle of refraction to be 90deg.

107
Q

Diffraction

A

The bending of a wave as it passes through a small opening or around a barrier

108
Q

Photons

A
  • Fundamental particles which make up all forms of EMR
  • A photon is a massless “packet” or a quantum of EM energy
109
Q

Diffraction proportions

A

Diffraction is proportional to the wavelength but inversely proportional to the distance

110
Q

Wavelength of 4G/45/Bluetooth

A

High frequency radio waves

111
Q

Why is Radioactive Waste bad

A

Radioactive waste is hazardous due to its potential to emit radiation, which can harm living organisms and the environment

112
Q

Why is Radioactive Waste bad points

A
  • Radioactive exposure
  • Longevity
  • Contamination
  • Accidents and Leaks
113
Q

How Radioactive Waste is managed

A
  1. Segregation
  2. Containment
  3. Transportation
  4. Disposal
  5. Monitoring
114
Q

Advantages of Nuclear Power

A
  • Low Energy Gas emissions
  • High Energy Density
  • Reliability
  • Technological advances
  • Reduced Dependence on Fossil Fuels
115
Q

Disadvantages of Nuclear Power

A
  • Radioactive Waste
  • Risk of Accidents
  • Limited Fuel Supply
  • High Initial Costs
116
Q

Magnetic Fields

A

An area where a ferromagnetic metal or charge experiences a force.

117
Q

photoelectric effect

A

Occurs when photons of light strike a piece of metal and cause a potential difference to occur by displacing electrons.

118
Q

kilo (k)

A

x10^3

119
Q

mega, M

A

x10^6

120
Q

giga, G

A

x10^9

121
Q

Why can you not see around a wall but hear sounds around a wall?

A

Because sound has a large wavelength so there is more bending and a short wavelength for light so there is less bending

122
Q

Wave nature of light

A

Diffraction or Interference

123
Q

What is the point of nuclear fission for nuclear power

A

The energy from the fission reaction is used to heat the water to steam which turns the turbines

Science (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions