Sci - Physics Flashcards
Motion
Objects move from one point of space to another over time
Stationary
Objects remain at the same point of space over a period of time
Speed
A measure of the distance travelled over the time taken
Distance
Used to describe how far an object has travelled from the starting point
Time
Used to describe how long a journey has taken
Formula for Speed
V = d/t
Formula for Acceleration
a = v/t
Acceleration
Change of speed over time
How Acceleration occurs
- If an objects speed changes per second
- Unbalanced force is applied to an object
- If an object changes direction
Friction
The force which always opposes the direction
Drag
Friction that occurs in a fluid or gas
Useful instances of Friction
Walking - Grip
Cycling - Grip
Driving - Grip + Brakes
Air Resistance
When an object falls through air this type of friction occurs
Pressure
How much force is put onto a particular area
Forumula for pressure
P = F/A
Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transformed or transferred
Energy
The ability to do work
Types of Potential energy
- Gravitational potential energy
- Elastic potential energy
- Chemical potential energy
Types of Kinetic energy
- Kinetic Energy
- Heat, sound, radiation, light energy
Potential energy equation
Ep = mgh
Kinetic energy equation
Ek = 1/2mv2
Newtons first law of Motion
An object cannot start, stop, or change direction all by itself
Newtons second law of Motion
The force applied on an object is equal to the product of its mass and accelertation
Newtons third law of Motion
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Force
A force is a push or a Pull
Force equation
F = ma
Work
The transformation of energy (Ep = W)
Work equation
W = Fd
Power
The work done over time
Power equation (work)
P = W/t
Vector quantities
- displacement
- velocity
- acceleration
- force
- weight
- momentum
Work done
When a force causes an object to move a distance in the direction of force
Density equation
d = m/V
Current
Flow of electrically charged particles
Resistance
The opposition the charged particles encounter while flowing
Voltage
The difference in electric potential energy between 2 places
Series circuit
One single path for the current to flow, connecting the battery to all the components
Parallel
Two or more paths available for the current to flow
Electrical power
The amount of energy transformed by a component in a circuit or by the battery per second
Power equation (current)
P=IV
Power-Energy equation
P = E/t
Increase power supplied
Light bulbs burn brighter so more energy transformed per second. This well either drain the batteries faster or cost more
Benefits of parallel
If one component fails the others continue to operate as there are more pathways for electricity to flow
Factors that affect resistance
- Length of resistance or wire
- Thickness of resistance or wire
- Material
- Temperature
Length Increase
Resistance increase
Thickness increase
Resistance decrease
How does the material affect the resistance
Some conductors are made from substances or materials with a greater or less intrinsic resistance (Copper, resistance decease and Tungsten, Resistance increase)
How does the temperacture affect the resistance
Increasing temperature results in a greater degree of resistance to electron flow (Increase temp, Increase resistance)
Charge
The degree to which an object has more, fewer, or the same number of electrons than protons, coulombs (C)
What direction does charge flow
From positive to negative
Electric Field
A region in which a charged object experiences a force
Electrostatic forces
Electrostatic forces between charged particles cause movement of these charged particles
m (mili)
x10^-3
µ (micro)
x10^-6
n (nano)
x10^-9
p (pico)
x10^-12
Gravitational potential energy
The potential energy an object has
because of it height.
Kinetic energy
Energy an object has when its moving
Conductor
Materials that allow the flow of electric charge
Insulator
Materials that do not allow the flow of electric charge
Charge seperation
Occurs when charge is transferred from one object to another. Between insulators
Static electricity
The result of an imbalance between negative and positive charges in an object. These charges can build up on the surface of an object until they find a way to be released or discharged
