SCI Chemistry Flashcards
1
Q
H
A
Hydrogen
2
Q
He
A
Helium
3
Q
Li
A
Lithium
4
Q
Be
A
Beryllium
5
Q
B
A
Boron
6
Q
C
A
Carbon
7
Q
N
A
Nitrogen
8
Q
O
A
Oxygen
9
Q
F
A
Fluorine
10
Q
Ne
A
Neon
11
Q
Na
A
Sodium
12
Q
Mg
A
Magnesium
13
Q
Al
A
Aluminium
14
Q
Si
A
Silicon
15
Q
P
A
Phosphorus
16
Q
S
A
Sulfur
17
Q
Cl
A
Chlorine
18
Q
Ar
A
Argon
19
Q
K
A
Potassium
20
Q
Ca
A
Calcium
21
Q
Cu
A
Copper
22
Q
Ag
A
Silver
23
Q
Au
A
Gold
24
Q
Hg
A
Mercury
25
Pb
Lead
26
Sn
Tin
27
Fe
Iron
28
Zn
Zinc
29
Proton
Positively charged particles inside the nucleus
30
Neutron
Neutral particles inside the nucleus
31
Electron
Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus
32
Define Element
Elements are pure substances composed of only one type of atom.
33
Define Ion
When atoms either lose or gain electrons in a chemical reaction to achieve a full valence shell and become stable
34
Why do atoms lose or gain electrons to form ions?
To get a full valence shell therefore become stable
35
Define Ionic Compound
An electrostatic attraction between cations (+) and anions (-)
36
Define Ionic Bonding
When a metal and non-metal element react together, they react to form ions.
- Metal atoms lose their valence electrons to empty their outer shell
- Non-metal atoms gain the number of electrons needed to fill their outer shell
37
Covalent Bonding
A chemical bonding when electrons are shared between atoms
38
Types of Bases
- Metal Oxides
- Metal Hydroxides
- Carbonates
- Hydrogen Carbonate
39
Neutralisation / Acid Base reaction (General Formula)
Acid + Base -> Salt + Water
40
Acid
A substance that donates an H+ ion
41
Base
A substance that accepts an H+ ion
42
Properties of an Acid (5)
- Sour
- pH Less than 7
- Blue litmus turns red
- Corrosive
- UI turns red/orange/yellow
43
Properties of an Base (5)
- Bitter
- pH More than 7
- Red litmus turns blue
- Caustic
- UI turns blue/purple
44
Examples of Neutralisation reactions (4)
- Acid + Hydroxide -> Water + Salt
- Acid + Oxide -> Water + Salt
- Acid + Carbonate -> Water + Salt + Carbon dioxide
- Acid + Hydrogen Carbonate -> Water + Salt + Carbon Dioxide
45
What is a mole
6.02 x 10^23
46
What is an Alkane
An organic compound with only H's and C's single bonded (note: this doesn't mean there is only H's and C'a); Suffix = '-ane'
47
If there is 1 carbon what prefix would the organic compound
Meth-
48
If there is 2 carbon what prefix would the organic compound
Eth-
49
If there is 3 carbon what prefix would the organic compound
Prop-
50
If there is 4 carbon what prefix would the organic compound
But-
51
If there is 5 carbon what prefix would the organic compound
Pent-
52
If there is 6 carbon what prefix would the organic compound
Hex-
53
If there is 7 carbon what prefix would the organic compound
Hept-
54
If there is 8 carbon what prefix would the organic compound
Oct-
55
If there is 9 carbon what prefix would the organic compound
Non-
56
If there is 10 carbon what prefix would the organic compound
Dec-
57
Organic Compounds
Anything that has carbon with covalent bonds in it
58
What is an Alcohols
An organic compound that contains an OH functional group; suffix = "-ol"
59
Combustion Reactions
A carbon compound reacting with oxygen
60
How are combustion reactions complete
When they react with sufficient oxygen
61
How are combustion reactions incomplete
When they react without sufficient oxygen
62
What do complete combustion reactions produce
Carbon Dioxide and Water
63
What do incomplete combustion reactions produce
Carbon Dioxide, Water, Carbon Monoxide, and Soot/Carbon(s)
64
Reaction rate
A measure of the number of particles that react in a given time
65
Particle/Kinetic Theory
States all matter is made up of particles and that those particles are constantly moving
66
Collision Theory
- A collision must happen between particles
- Particles must hit each other with sufficient energy
- Particles must hit each other at the correct orientation
67
At the beginning of the reaction, why are there the most collisions per second
As more particles react, it takes longer for the remaining particles to collide as the concentration of unreacted particles decreases.
68
Concentration
A measure of how many particles there are in a given volume, measured in molL-1
69
Factors of rate of reaction
- Concentration
- Surface Area
- Temperature
- Catalyst
70
How does Concentration affect the rate of reaction
If we increase concentration, there would be more particles in a given volume. Therefore particles are more likely hit each other and have more successful collisions per second
71
How does Surface Area affect the rate of reaction
More Exposed particles, meaning more collisions can occur per unit time. When frequency of collisions increase, so will the frequency of successful collisions
72
3 types of reactions
- Acid-base Reaction or Neutralisation
- Displacement Reaction
- Exchange Reaction
73
Temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance
74
When we increase temp....
Ek of the particles will increase. This does 2 things:
- Particles will move faster
- Particles collide with more energy
75
In terms of Rate of Reaction, how does the particles speeding up affect it
Increase the rate of collision per unit time, therefore increase the rate of successful collisions per unit time
76
In terms of Rate of Reaction, how does the particles colliding with more energy affect it
A higher proportion of collisions are successful
77
Solute
A substance that dissolves in a solvent
78
Solvent
A substance that dissolves solutes
79
Define pH
Measurement of how acidic or alkaline a substance is. It is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions.
80
Displacement reaction
A reaction which occurs between a reactive metal and the ion of a less reactive metal
81
Exchange Reaction
When ions are swapped around or exchanged when the precipitate forms
82
Ways to measure the rate of reaction
1. By measuring the change of mass of the reaction mixture
2. By measuring the change of volume of gas produces
3. By Measuring the change in colour of the reaction mixture
83
Describing the RoR of a graph
1. Shape/Gradient of the graph
2. Concentration of Reactants and products
3. Collisions
4. Rate of Reaction frequency of successful collisions
