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SCI Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

H

A

Hydrogen

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2
Q

He

A

Helium

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3
Q

Li

A

Lithium

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4
Q

Be

A

Beryllium

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5
Q

B

A

Boron

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6
Q

C

A

Carbon

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7
Q

N

A

Nitrogen

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8
Q

O

A

Oxygen

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9
Q

F

A

Fluorine

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10
Q

Ne

A

Neon

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11
Q

Na

A

Sodium

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12
Q

Mg

A

Magnesium

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13
Q

Al

A

Aluminium

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14
Q

Si

A

Silicon

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15
Q

P

A

Phosphorus

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16
Q

S

A

Sulfur

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17
Q

Cl

A

Chlorine

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18
Q

Ar

A

Argon

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19
Q

K

A

Potassium

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20
Q

Ca

A

Calcium

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21
Q

Cu

A

Copper

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22
Q

Ag

A

Silver

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23
Q

Au

A

Gold

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24
Q

Hg

A

Mercury

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25
Q

Pb

A

Lead

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26
Q

Sn

A

Tin

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27
Q

Fe

A

Iron

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28
Q

Zn

A

Zinc

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29
Q

Proton

A

Positively charged particles inside the nucleus

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30
Q

Neutron

A

Neutral particles inside the nucleus

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31
Q

Electron

A

Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus

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32
Q

Define Element

A

Elements are pure substances composed of only one type of atom.

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33
Q

Define Ion

A

When atoms either lose or gain electrons in a chemical reaction to achieve a full valence shell and become stable

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34
Q

Why do atoms lose or gain electrons to form ions?

A

To get a full valence shell therefore become stable

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35
Q

Define Ionic Compound

A

An electrostatic attraction between cations (+) and anions (-)

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36
Q

Define Ionic Bonding

A

When a metal and non-metal element react together, they react to form ions.
- Metal atoms lose their valence electrons to empty their outer shell
- Non-metal atoms gain the number of electrons needed to fill their outer shell

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37
Q

Covalent Bonding

A

A chemical bonding when electrons are shared between atoms

38
Q

Types of Bases

A
  • Metal Oxides
  • Metal Hydroxides
  • Carbonates
  • Hydrogen Carbonate
39
Q

Neutralisation / Acid Base reaction (General Formula)

A

Acid + Base -> Salt + Water

40
Q

Acid

A

A substance that donates an H+ ion

41
Q

Base

A

A substance that accepts an H+ ion

42
Q

Properties of an Acid (5)

A
  • Sour
  • pH Less than 7
  • Blue litmus turns red
  • Corrosive
  • UI turns red/orange/yellow
43
Q

Properties of an Base (5)

A
  • Bitter
  • pH More than 7
  • Red litmus turns blue
  • Caustic
  • UI turns blue/purple
44
Q

Examples of Neutralisation reactions (4)

A
  • Acid + Hydroxide -> Water + Salt
  • Acid + Oxide -> Water + Salt
  • Acid + Carbonate -> Water + Salt + Carbon dioxide
  • Acid + Hydrogen Carbonate -> Water + Salt + Carbon Dioxide
45
Q

What is a mole

A

6.02 x 10^23

46
Q

What is an Alkane

A

An organic compound with only H’s and C’s single bonded (note: this doesn’t mean there is only H’s and C’a); Suffix = ‘-ane’

47
Q

If there is 1 carbon what prefix would the organic compound

A

Meth-

48
Q

If there is 2 carbon what prefix would the organic compound

A

Eth-

49
Q

If there is 3 carbon what prefix would the organic compound

A

Prop-

50
Q

If there is 4 carbon what prefix would the organic compound

A

But-

51
Q

If there is 5 carbon what prefix would the organic compound

A

Pent-

52
Q

If there is 6 carbon what prefix would the organic compound

A

Hex-

53
Q

If there is 7 carbon what prefix would the organic compound

A

Hept-

54
Q

If there is 8 carbon what prefix would the organic compound

A

Oct-

55
Q

If there is 9 carbon what prefix would the organic compound

A

Non-

56
Q

If there is 10 carbon what prefix would the organic compound

A

Dec-

57
Q

Organic Compounds

A

Anything that has carbon with covalent bonds in it

58
Q

What is an Alcohols

A

An organic compound that contains an OH functional group; suffix = “-ol”

59
Q

Combustion Reactions

A

A carbon compound reacting with oxygen

60
Q

How are combustion reactions complete

A

When they react with sufficient oxygen

61
Q

How are combustion reactions incomplete

A

When they react without sufficient oxygen

62
Q

What do complete combustion reactions produce

A

Carbon Dioxide and Water

63
Q

What do incomplete combustion reactions produce

A

Carbon Dioxide, Water, Carbon Monoxide, and Soot/Carbon(s)

64
Q

Reaction rate

A

A measure of the number of particles that react in a given time

65
Q

Particle/Kinetic Theory

A

States all matter is made up of particles and that those particles are constantly moving

66
Q

Collision Theory

A
  • A collision must happen between particles
  • Particles must hit each other with sufficient energy
  • Particles must hit each other at the correct orientation
67
Q

At the beginning of the reaction, why are there the most collisions per second

A

As more particles react, it takes longer for the remaining particles to collide as the concentration of unreacted particles decreases.

68
Q

Concentration

A

A measure of how many particles there are in a given volume, measured in molL-1

69
Q

Factors of rate of reaction

A
  • Concentration
  • Surface Area
  • Temperature
  • Catalyst
70
Q

How does Concentration affect the rate of reaction

A

If we increase concentration, there would be more particles in a given volume. Therefore particles are more likely hit each other and have more successful collisions per second

71
Q

How does Surface Area affect the rate of reaction

A

More Exposed particles, meaning more collisions can occur per unit time. When frequency of collisions increase, so will the frequency of successful collisions

72
Q

3 types of reactions

A
  • Acid-base Reaction or Neutralisation
  • Displacement Reaction
  • Exchange Reaction
73
Q

Temperature

A

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance

74
Q

When we increase temp….

A

Ek of the particles will increase. This does 2 things:
- Particles will move faster
- Particles collide with more energy

75
Q

In terms of Rate of Reaction, how does the particles speeding up affect it

A

Increase the rate of collision per unit time, therefore increase the rate of successful collisions per unit time

76
Q

In terms of Rate of Reaction, how does the particles colliding with more energy affect it

A

A higher proportion of collisions are successful

77
Q

Solute

A

A substance that dissolves in a solvent

78
Q

Solvent

A

A substance that dissolves solutes

79
Q

Independent Variable

A

The thing you are changing in an experiment

80
Q

Dependent variable

A

The thing you are measuring in an experiment

81
Q

Controlled variable(s)

A

The variables or factors you must control in an experiment in order to not affect the value of the dependent variable

82
Q

Percentage difference in terms of Similarity

A

±5% = Very Similar / Accurate
±10% = Similar / Accurate
±20% = Somewhat similar / accurate
±20+% = Not similar / Accurate - showing major signs of flaws

83
Q

Percentage Difference Formular

A

p = (Vm - Ve/Ve) x 100

84
Q

Good Measuring Equipment

A
  • Pipette
  • Burette
  • Volumetric Flask
85
Q

Bad Measuring Equipment

A
  • Beaker
  • Measuring Cylinder
  • Conical flask
86
Q

Define pH

A

Measurement of how acidic or alkaline a substance is. It is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions.

87
Q

Displacement reaction

A

A reaction which occurs between a reactive metal and the ion of a less reactive metal

88
Q

Exchange Reaction

A

When ions are swapped around or exchanged when the precipitate forms

89
Q

Ways to measure the rate of reaction

A
  1. By measuring the change of mass of the reaction mixture
  2. By measuring the change of volume of gas produces
  3. By Measuring the change in colour of the reaction mixture
90
Q

Describing the RoR of a graph

A
  1. Shape/Gradient of the graph
  2. Concentration of Reactants and products
  3. Collisions
  4. Rate of Reaction frequency of successful collisions

Science (7 decks)

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