SCT II - Regulation of Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

How does the RVLM increase MAP?

A

Premotor → Ganglion → Post-ganglionic

SNS Fibers:

  1. Heart
    SV INCREASE
    HR INCREASE
    CO INCREASE
    MAP INCREASE
  2. Veins
    VENOCONSTRICTION
    VR INCREASE
    EDV INCREASE
    SV INCREASE
    CO INCREASE
    MAP INCREASE
  3. Arterioles
    VASOCONSTRICTION
    Radius DECREASE
    TPR INCREASE
    MAP INCREASE
  4. Adrenal Medulla
    SECRETION EPI & NOREPI
    MAP INCREASE
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2
Q

How does the CVLM decrease MAP?

A

Inhibition of RVLM and…

Vagus N. (CN X) Activation
CO DECREASE
MAP DECREASE
Negative tropic effect

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3
Q

What is the base model of a reflex arc?

A

Afferents → Center → Efferents
↑ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ↓
ReceptorsㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤEffect Organs
↑ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ↓
StimuliㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤResponses

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4
Q

What is the high-pressure baroreceptor reflex?

A

CN IX & CN X → CVLM via nAMB → Vagus N.
↑ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ↓
BaroreceptorsㅤㅤHeart (A./V.) Adr. Medulla
↑ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ↓
Map Increaseㅤㅤㅤ Depressor Response

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5
Q

Name the two types of baroreceptors and where they can be found

A

Type A: Carotid Sinus
Type C: Aortic Arch

Type C works at a higher pressure

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6
Q

Name all cardiovascular reflexes that increase MAP (RVLM activation)

A
  1. Chemoreceptor reflex
  2. CNS ischemic sesponse (Cushing’s reflex)
  3. Loven reflex
  4. Exercise pressor reflex
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7
Q

Chemoreceptor Reflex

A

ㅤCN IX & CN X → RVLM → SNS Fibers
ㅤㅤㅤ↑ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ↓
ㅤㅤPCRㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤHeart, Arteries
Carotid & AorticㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤVeins, Adrenal ㅤㅤㅤBodiesㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤMedulla
ㅤㅤㅤ↑ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ↓
Decrease in P[O2]ㅤㅤㅤPressor Response

Also increase in P[CO2] and pH decrease

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8
Q

Name the two types of chemoreceptors

A

CCR - Central Chemoreceptors (Brainstem)
PCR - Peripheral Chemoreceptors (Body)

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9
Q

Which CCR is in the brain?

A

RVLM

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10
Q

What activates CCR?

A

Increase in P[CO2]
Decrease in pH of blood and CSF

CO2 can cross the blood-brain-barrier

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11
Q

Cushing’s Reflex

A

ㅤㅤㅤ→ → → → → RVLM → SNS Fibers
ㅤㅤㅤ↑ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ↓
ㅤㅤDirectㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤSystemic
ㅤㅤActionㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤArteries (Not
ㅤㅤㅤ↑ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤCoronaries/Brain)
ㅤㅤㅤ↑ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ↓
Decrease in P[O2]ㅤㅤㅤㅤMAP Skyrockets
Low Cerebral Flow
Extremely Low MAP
Cardiac Arrest
ICP&raquo_space; 33 mmHG

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12
Q

Side effects of Cushing’s reflex

A

Increase in MAP is sensed by baroreceptors, which activate CVLM

CVLM through nAMB will activate Vagal tone to the Heart (SA & AV nodes too)

Causes BRADYCARDIA and IRREGULAR RESPIRATION

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13
Q

Cushing’s Triad

A

Increased MAP
BRADYCARDIA
IRREGULAR RESPIRATION

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14
Q

Loven’s Reflex

A

ㅤㅤㅤ→→→→→ㅤRVLM →→→→→→
ㅤㅤㅤ↑ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ↓
Somatosensory ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ SNS
ㅤㅤFibersㅤ→ Local Response ㅤㅤFibers
ㅤㅤㅤ↑ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ↓
Pain receptorsㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤMostly to
ㅤof the skinㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ Arterioles
ㅤㅤㅤ↑ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ↓
Superficial ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤVasoconstriction
ㅤㅤ(skin)ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ(TPR INCREASE)
ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ (MAP INCREASE)

Local response is the axon reflex! (Histamine & Substance-P to cause LOCAL Vasodilation)

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15
Q

Exercise Pressor Reflex

A

Group III ㅤ→ I-Neurons → Hyperventilation
Group IV ㅤ→ RVLM ㅤㅤ→ SNS Activity Dec.
Sensory N.ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤVagal Tone Inc.
ㅤㅤㅤ↑ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ↓
MechanoreceptorsㅤㅤㅤㅤHeart Arterioles
& MetaboliteRㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤVeins, Adr. Med.
ㅤㅤㅤ↑ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ↓
Muscle ContractionㅤㅤㅤPressor Responseㅤㅤ

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16
Q

Name all the cardiovascular reflexes that decrease MAP (CVLM activation)

A
  1. High pressure baroreceptor reflex
  2. Cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflex
  3. Goltz reflex
17
Q

Cardiopulmonary Baroreceptor Reflex

A

can’t draw that shit look at the iPad

18
Q

the Goltz Reflex

A

can’t draw that shit look at the iPad