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GU-male > scrotal masses/diseases > Flashcards

scrotal masses/diseases Flashcards

1
Q

scrotal masses/disease are MC reason for…

A

visit/referral to a urologist

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2
Q

testicular torsion are MC in males of what age

A

10-16 yo

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3
Q

what are signs and symptoms of testicular torsion are

A

sudden severe pain, swelling, redness, lower abdominal pain, N/V, worse with lifting testicle

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4
Q

if testing for testicular torsion and there is LESS pain with lifting testicle, what is the more likely Dx?

A

epididymitis

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5
Q

what is treatment option for testicular torsion

A

medical emergency!!! send to ER for surgery within 6-8 hours!

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6
Q

what is hydrocele?

A

collection of fluid in the sheath that holds the testicle

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7
Q

what age group MC to get hydrocele

A

older men

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8
Q

what are causes of hydrocele?

A

excess fluid production or decreased fluid absorption from trauma, radiation, inflammation, or congenital

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9
Q

what are symptoms/signs of hydrocele?

A

painless, swollen, soft, uni/bilateral mass that WILL transilluminate

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10
Q

what is varicocele

A

blood backs up into the veins leading form the testicles d/t valve dysfunction

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11
Q

varicocele MC on the left or right side

A

left

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12
Q

varicocele MC in males of what age

A

15-25

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13
Q

what are risk factors for varicocele?

A

pelvic floor stress, vascular damage, hereditary, tumor

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14
Q

what are signs/symptoms for varicocele?

A

painless scrotal swelling, may feel heavy, better w/ lying down, achy, testicular
atrophy, infertility, visible veins, will not transilluminate

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15
Q

what is the difference in symptoms for hydrocele vs varicocele

A

hydrocele: will transluminate
varicocele: will not transluminate
both are painless and involve swelling

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16
Q

how is varicocele diagnosed?

A

US, venogram

17
Q

what are tx options for varicocele?

A

scrotal support, surgical ligation, embolization, laparoscopy (can recur or cause a hydrocele)

18
Q

what is an inguinal hernia

A

protrusion of abdomen contents thru a weak point in the abdomen wall

19
Q

what are signs/symptoms of an inguinal hernia?

A

bulge in groin area that may extend into the scrotum, painful/uncomfortable

20
Q

what are tx options for inguinal hernias

A

surgery

21
Q

what is epididymitis?

A

infection in the tubular coil (epididymis)

22
Q

what are causes for epididymitis?

A

often a complication of NG/CT, may be bacteria or pseudomonas

23
Q

what are signs/symptoms of epididymitis

A

pain is severe and insidious, fever, swelling

24
Q

what are tx options for epididymitis?

A

antibiotics and STI screen

25
Q

what is orchitis?

A

inflammation of testes often d/t a bacterial infection or the mumps virus

26
Q

what can orchitis cause?

A

permanent damage to testicles → diminished size, inadequate hormones, infertility

27
Q

what are signs/symptoms of orchitis?

A

pain, swelling, heaviness

28
Q

is testicular cancer easily treatable?

A

it is highly treatable when detected early

29
Q

what is the MC age for testicular cancer

A

15-34 yo

30
Q

once a male is >50yo, what type of cancer becomes more common (involving testis)

A

testicular lymphoma

31
Q

what are risk factors for testicular cancer?

A

cryptorchidism, genetics/family Hx, Caucasian (4-5x), HIV

32
Q

is there increased risk of testicular cancer with injury or vasectomy?

A

no

33
Q

what are signs of testicular cancer?

A

unilateral enlargement or change in how it feels, painless lump or swelling or collections of fluid, dull ache in back/groin/lower ab,gynecomastia/mastalgia, testicular discomfort/pain or heaviness

34
Q

what are symptoms of testicular cancer

A

there are none! patient needs to do self screen 1x/mo

35
Q

how is testicular cancer diagnosed?

A

PE, US (first step), CXR, abdominal CT, biopsy

36
Q

is there a screening blood test for testicular cancer?

A

no. can monitor measuring of AFP, beta-HCG, and LDH, but no screening test available

37
Q

what is treatment for testicular cancer?

A

orchiectomy and radiation (prosthesis available and sperm banking before Tx), lymph node dissection if Mets, chemo

38
Q

what is the prognosis of testicular cancer?

A

5 yr survival rate decreases in stage 3 when mets moves above the diaphragm and/or to visceral organs

GU-male (8 decks)

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