penile disorders Flashcards
what are 4 types of of penile lesions
HPV, leukoplakia, bowen’s disease, skin cancer
describe HPV lesions
painless, enlarging wart like growth (aka condyloma accuminata)
describe leukoplakia lesions
hyperkeratotic scaly white patches
describe Bowen’s disease lesions
intraepidermal PRECANCEROUS indurated erythematous plaque, ulcerated center, development of pinkish/brownish papules covered with a thickened horny layer
what are the 2 types of skin cancers to worry about?
squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma
what 2 lesions need biopsy?
leukoplakia and Bowen’s disease
what is balanitis?
inflammation of glans
what are causes of balanitis?
uncircumcised w/poor hygiene diabetes/ obesity chemical irritants CHF/cirrhosis/nephrosis drug allergies infections (candida, HPV, anaerobes, gardnerella, etc) penile cancer
what is phimosis
can’t get foreskin to retract back (stuck forward)
what is paraphimosis
foreskin is retracted and can not be returned to un-retracted position. (stuck back) massive swelling and ER referral
what is hypospadius
urethral opening on the ventral surface (under)
what is epispadias?
urethral opening on dorsal surface (upper0
which is more common: hypospadius or epispadias?
hypospadius
what are causes of hypospadius/epispadias
exposure ot PG hormone, finesteride/lack of testosterone in utero, inherited
what is hypospadius/epispadias often associated with?
inguinal hernias and cryptochidism (unable to distend testis)
what is the treatment option for hypospadius/epispadias
surgical correction
what is priapism?
non-erotic sustained painful erection with acute onset
what structure does the priapism affect?
involves the corpora cavernosa ONLY
what are causes for priapism?
MC from medication like viagra or levitra
what are treatment options for priapism
ice water/ice water enema, meds and rarely drainage
what is peyronie’s disease?
plaques/strands of dense fibrous tissue surrounding the corpora cavernosa
what does peyronie’s disease lead to?
deformity and painful erection and impotence
what is the common age for peyronie’s and how common is it?
men 45-60yo (1-3%)
what are the risk factors for peyronie’s disease?
unknown, trauma, HLA-B27, diabetes
what are symptoms/signs of peyronie’s disease?
hardened tissue, pain during erection, curvature with erection, distortion
how is peyronie’s disease diagnosed?
cause an erection and examine
peyronie’s disease treatment options?
watch/wait 1-2 years (often resolves), non-surgical treatment for 1st 6mo, surgery
how many are affected by penile cancer in the US
1/100,000
what are risk factors for penile cancer?
uncircumcised male (almost exculsively), HPV infection, smoking, age (>50)
signs/symptoms of penile cancer
growths/sores, abnormal discharge, bleeding
treatment for penile cancer
surgery, radiation, chemo
