prostate/bladder/renal cancer

Question 1

what is the most common type of cancer in the US for men and 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths?

Answer 1

prostate 1:6men

Question 2

what is the cause of prostate cancer?

Answer 2

unknown

Question 3

risk factors for prostate cancer include?

Answer 3

age over 50, race/ethnicity (african american), family history, high fat diet, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, vasectomy, smoking

Question 4

when should you start screening for prostate cancer?

Answer 4

age 40 for AA and those with family history. everyone else age 50

Question 5

symptoms of prostate cancer

Answer 5

less likely to cause urinary obstruction d/t being peripheral not central (DDx: BPH),
blood in urine/semen, pain/stiffness in back/hips/upper thighs/pelvis
• If have BPH too then all of those symptoms as well.

Question 6

prostate cancer can lead to mets of:

Answer 6

lymph nodes, seminal vesicles, spine, rectum, bladder

Question 7

how is prostate cancer diagnosed

Answer 7

annual DRE and PSA levels; follow up with TRUS with biopsy and/or PAP. CT scan
or bone scan to check for Mets.

Question 8

when is prostate cancer commonly discovered?

Answer 8

during TURPs for BPH issues

Question 9

prognosis for prostate cancer?

Answer 9

early detection is often curable: 85=90% year survival in patients with limited disease. When mets, life expectance <3yrs: 10-15% 10yr survival in patients with disseminated disease

Question 10

treatment for prostate cancer?

Answer 10

depends on stage, age, overall health. includes: orchiectomy, use of estrogen, decrease testosterone, watchful waiting (elderly, poor health, early stage), biphosphonates, radiation, surgery

Question 11

what are some alternative tx for prostate cancer

Answer 11

diet, vitamin A,C,D,E, selenium, exercise, decrease obesity, quit smoking

Question 12

Where is bladder cancer usually found

Answer 12

in the bladder lining. (high stage tumor when invades muscle layer)

Question 13

> 90% of bladder cancer in industrialized countries is what type

Answer 13

transitional cell carinoma

Question 14

what type of bladder cancer is found 75% in developing countries

Answer 14

squamous cell carcinoma aka schistosoma haematobium

Question 15

who is most likely to get bladder cancer?

Answer 15

those in industrialized countries, incidence increases with age, men 2-3x more likely, caucasians

Question 16

symptoms of bladder cancer?

Answer 16

primary symptom is hematuria

Question 17

risk factors for bladder cancer?

Answer 17

carcinogens in urine from: smoking, age, inflammation, consuming Aristolochia fangchi (for wt. loss), high saturated fat intake, external beam radiation, family Hx, certain meds.

Question 18

what is prognosis for bladder cancer?

Answer 18

if superficial, much better life expectancy than invasive. Recurrent cancer is more aggressive

Question 19

renal cancer makes up __% of all cancers

Answer 19

3%

Question 20

MC type of renal cancer is

Answer 20

renal adenocarcinoma

Question 21

most solid tumors with renal cancer are (malignant or benign)

Answer 21

malignant

Question 22

who is more at risk for renal cancer?

Answer 22

men 2x more likely, AA, 50-70yo

Question 23

risk factors for renal cancer include:

Answer 23

smoking, obesity, HTN, unopposed estrogen therapy, occupational
exposure, abusing phenacetin-containing analgesics, cystic kidney disease, dialysis,
tuberous sclerosis, renal transplantation w/ associated immunosuppression (80x increased risk), VHL disease

Question 24

signs and symptoms of renal cancer include…

Answer 24

lack of Sx cause many to go undetected. Tumors can cause Sx by compressing,
stretching or invading structures near or within the kidney. Also, HTN, hematuria,
supraclavicular adenopathy, Sx associated with Mets.

Question 25

paraneoplastic syndrome can occur with renal cancer. what are some symptoms?

Answer 25

weight loss, loss of appetite, fever, night

sweats, HTN. Dx via labs and Tx tackles primary tumor or Mets foci.

Question 26

prognosis for renal cancer

Answer 26

good if in early stage. stage IV has poor prognosis