Screening Techniques for Head Trunk Spine (Quiz 1) Flashcards
What are the clinical exam components
observation
palpation
sensation/vascular
ROM
strength testing
Special & functional tests
gait assessment
outcome measures
What is the screening exam designed to provide?
provide the practitioner with minimum objective data needed to provide orthotic and prosthetic services
Occipit/C1 motion
15-20 degrees sagittal flexion/extensino
10 degrees of lateral flexion
little to no rotation
C1/C2 motion
most mobile articulation of the spine
10 degrees of sagittal flexion/extension
5 degrees of lateral flexion
50 degrees of rotation
how do most discogenic pathologies occur in lumbar spine
result of sagittal flexion
anterior compression resulting in postero-lateral displacement
Radiculopathy
as intervertebral disc deforms, it can displace and compress the adjacent nerve root resulting in pain and/or loss in sensation or motor function
Spondylolysis
no displacement
most commonly affect L5/S1
Spondylolisthesis
displacement
most commonly affect L5/S1
Palpation
most commonly used to identify areas of bony prominence, presence of underlying scars
What does the straight leg raising test assess
presence of radiculopathy
Straight Leg Raising Test Maneuver
limb is placed into IR/Adduc at the hip
knee extended
hip is flexed until the patient has pain or tightness on lumbar region or posterior thigh
Straight Leg Raising Test Results
lumbar pain = disc herniation or spinal cord compression
Straight Leg Raising Correlates
Discogenic and/or nerve root pathology on the ipsilateral side
What does the stork standing lumbar extension test for
screens for presence of spondylosis or spondylolisthesis in lumbar spine
stork standing test results
pain is exacerbated on the ipsilateral side of the stance foot
Adams forward bending test results
an elevation is observed on the convex side of the curve
When is LEAP Performed
when patient has loss of sensation or suspected loss
LEAP Annual Foot Screening
5.01 monofilament
10 grams of force
LEAP risk
categorization
0 –> no loss of protective sensation
1 –> loss of protective sensation
2 –> loss of sensation with high pressure (callus/deformity) OR poor circulation
3 –> history of ulceration, neuropathic fracture, or amputation
Inflammation
redness (rubor)
swelling (tumour)
heat (calor)
pain (dolor)
loss of function
Peripheral Edema Temporary Conditions
injury (fracture or sprain)
sitting or standing too long
pregnancy
hormonal changes
excessive salt intake
drug
allergic reaction
obesity
Peripheral Edema Associated Diseases
venous insufficiency
blood clot
heart failrue
pericarditis
preeclampsia
cirrhosis
renal failure
lymphedema
malnutrition
Pitting Edema
observable swelling of body tissues due to fluid accumulation that may be demonstrated by applying pressure to swollen area
Capillary Fill Atypical findings
dehydration
shock
vascular disease
hypothermia
Capillary Fill Upper Limb
hold hands above the heart assess thumbs
Capillary Fill Lowe Limb
Have patient lay supine, assess great toes
