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Clinical Evaluation > 3D Dimensional Gait Analysis (Quiz 3) > Flashcards

3D Dimensional Gait Analysis (Quiz 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Passenger Unit

A
  • head, neck, trunk, arms, pelvis
  • carried in normal gait, and doesnt directly contribute to the act of walking
  • Responsible for its own postural integrity, and aligning itself over the locomotor unit
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2
Q

What % of body weight is passenger unit

A

70%

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3
Q

What is a major determinant of muscle action (passenger unit)

A

alignment over the legs

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4
Q

What is forward momentum important for

A

obtaining a normal gait pattern

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5
Q

Locomotor Unit

A
  • Legs and Pelvis
  • 57 muscles
  • bony segments serve as levers
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6
Q

What are the 11 primary articulations in locomotor unit

A
  • lumbosacral
  • bilateral hip
  • knee
  • ankle
  • subtalar
  • metarsalphalangeal joints
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7
Q

Gait Cycle

A

defined from some particular event on one side of the body to the next occurance of that event on the same side of the body

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8
Q

Stride Length

A
  • distance covered during one gait cycle
  • measured from point on the reference foot to that same point later in gait
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9
Q

Step Length

A

distance between a point on one foot and the same point on the contralateral foot

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10
Q

Initial Contact Objectives

Perry

A
  • Position foot correctly as it comes into contact with the floor
  • transfer body weight to leading leg
  • Stable load-bearing
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11
Q

Loading Response Objectives

Perry

A
  • maintain smooth progression
  • shock absorption
  • Limb stabilization
    *** body reaches lowest vertical position & highest forward velocity **
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12
Q

Midstance Objectives

Perry

A
  • stable weight bearing
  • maintain forward progression
  • body reaches highest vertical position & lowest forward velocity
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13
Q

Terminal Stance Objectives

Perry

A
  • provide forward accelaeration of the body and insure an adequate step length
  • stable weight bearing
  • allow body mas to progress over foot
  • prepare for initial contact of the opposite leg
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14
Q

Pre-Swing Objectives

Perry

A
  • prepare leg for swing phase
  • aid transfer of body weight to opposite leg
  • continued floor contact assists body balance as body weight is transferred to the other limb
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15
Q

Initial Swing Objectives

Perry

A
  • Floor clearance for limb advancement
  • Actions are to facilitate progression and allow for a variable cadence
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16
Q

Midswing Objectives

Perry

A
  • Floor Clearance
  • Limb Advancement
17
Q

Terminal Swing Objectives

Perry

A
  • Complete Step Length
  • Prepare for initial contact
18
Q

Ground Reaction Forces

A

equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to those being experienced (exerted) by the weight-bearing limb

19
Q

What is joint stability in the stance leg influenced by

A

relation of the GRF vector to the proximity of the joint axis of rotation, which creates a moment

20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Joint moment curves represent the net joint moments

A

TRUE

muscle co-contractions are not taken into account

21
Q

Link Segment Model Assumptions

A
  • each segment has fixed mass
  • location of COM remains fixed during the movement
  • joints are considered to be hidge joints
  • joints are frictionless
  • mass moment of inertia of each segment is constant
  • length remains constant
22
Q

Link Segment Model Limitations

A
  • foot and trunk are not represented well with only a signle rigid segment
  • limb segments and joint interfaces are assumed to be rigid
  • can only calculate net joint moments
  • cannot meaningfully interpret joint forces
23
Q

Inverse Dynamics Solution

A

between the anthropomorphic data, the assumptions regarding the link-segment model, and the model’s limitations, there is a lot of room for error to creep into the process

error propigates proximally up the leg

24
Q

External moment

A

moment that is created by external forces acting on the body that tend to cause rotation about the joint; also referred to as a demand moment

25
Q

Internal Moment

A

Moment that is created by muscles, ligaments, friciton, or other structural constrains; also referred to as a “response” moment

26
Q

Joint Power

A
  • rate of work
  • product of net joint moment and joint angular velocity
  • if both are in the same direction positive joint power is produced
  • if both are in opposite direction power output is negative
27
Q

Metabolic Energy

A

physiological energy expenditure at rest or during exercise can be measured by the body’s heat and work production

28
Q

Indirect Calorimetry

A
  • measuring O2 consumption
29
Q

Rate of O2 Consumption

A

ml of O2 consumed per kg body mass per unit time

30
Q

O2 Cost

A

amount of oxygen consumed per kilogram body mass per unit distance traveled

31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

ROM increases with walking speed

A

True

32
Q

What effect does walking speed have on joint power

A

power increases proportionally to walking speed

Clinical Evaluation (19 decks)

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