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Pediatric Board Review > Screening In Children > Flashcards

Screening In Children Flashcards

0
Q

Over 60% of the states test for what other metabolic disorders?

A

1- galactosemia

2- hemoglobinopathies

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1
Q

All states currently agree on screening for what two newborn metabolic screens?

A

1- congenital hypothyroidism

2- PKU

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2
Q

For newborn screening when should testing be performed?

A

Before discharge and never later than 7 days. If done less than 24 hours then do not wait longer than 1-2 weeks or PKU damage can occur.

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3
Q

When should you refer a 5-6 year old based on what visual abnormality?

A

A child who cannot read the majority of the 20/30 line.

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4
Q

Is there any abnormality in visual testing that should make you refer at any age?

A

Any child at any age who has a difference of > 1 line in acuity between left and right eye

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5
Q

When should screening of hearing occur?

A

100% by age 3 months.

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6
Q

When doing a hearing evaluation what is the loss that is important?

A

Hearing loss of 35 db or greater in the 500 Hz to 4000 Hz range.

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7
Q

In what situations should hearing be testing?

A

Bacterial meningitis, neonatal infection (cmv, HSV, rubella, toxo, syphilis), pro toxic drugs (gent), mumps/measles.

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8
Q

When should routine blood pressure screening occur?

A

Starting at 3 years of age.

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9
Q

How is blood pressure determined for high normal and hypertension?

A

3 separate readings over a period of days to weeks.

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10
Q

Is universal screening for dyslipidemia recommended?

A

No

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11
Q

When is the recommendation for screening a child for dyslipidemia?

A

1- a positive history of family dyslipidemia.

2- premature CVD in father < 55 yr and < 65 yr in mother.

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12
Q

What are other criteria for dyslipidemia screening?

A 
1- family history not known
2- CVD risk factors of 
    a- overweight bmi > 85%
    b- obesity > 95%
    c- cigarette smoking
    d- diabetes
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13
Q

What is the recommendation for lead screening?

A

1- region specific screening

2- if regional prevalence of lead is unknown

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14
Q

What ages should be screened for lead?

A

6-72 months

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15
Q

What are known risk factors for lead?

A

1-lives or visits a house built before 1950 or remodeling of a house built before 1978
2-child plays with someone with high levels
3- family has rituals remedies with lead
4-parent exposed due to occupation
5- environment known to be high

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16
Q

At what age should risk factors of lead toxicity be assessed?

A

6 months

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17
Q

What type of blood test should be obtained for possible lead poisoning be done?

A

Venous blood

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18
Q

Is universal screening for anemia recommended (except for AAP Bright Futures)

A

No

19
Q

What is the 4 month visit risk factors to test for anemia?

A

History of prematurity, low birth weight, use of low iron formula, and early introduction of cow’s milk,

20
Q

What are the 18 month, 2, 3, 4, and 5 year risk factors for anemia screening?

A

Low iron diet (low meat) , poverty, limited access to food, special Heath care needs

21
Q

What are the 6-10year old risk factors to check for anemia?

A

A strict vegan diet and not receiving iron supplements

22
Q

What are the 11-21 year old risk factors for anemia in girls?

A

All females should be screened every 5-10 years if they have heavy menses, low iron intake, eating disorder or previous iron deficiency

23
Q

Is there a bad time to screen for anemia

A

Yes, during an illness, or in the several weeks following a fever

24
Q

Which is more accurate for screening for anemia?

A

Venous is better that capillary blood draws.

25
Q

Are there any organizations that suggest routine UA or urine cultures?

A

No

26
Q

The AAP recommends annual dipstick urine testing for leukocyte a for what group?

A

Looking for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in sexually active males between 11 - 21.

27
Q

Is routine screening for TB recommended?

A

No

28
Q

In breastfeeding the colostrum is rich in what?

A

Antibodies

29
Q

Poor breastfeeding results in what to the volume of milk?

A

Less volume and likely future lactation.

30
Q

If breastfeeding and initial attempts are poor, a supplement of bottle feeding is suggested?

A

No

31
Q

So breastfed babies feed more than bottle fed babies?

A

Yes, due to protein composition of breast milk.

32
Q

Should soy formula be used in infants less than 1800 grams?

A

No

33
Q

Beyond infants who are 6 months of age what supplement is reminded if they are still breastfeeding?

A

Elemental iron supplements of 1 mg/kg/day

34
Q

When should fluoride supplementation start if needed?

A

Not before 6 months.

35
Q

Under what conditions should fluoride supplements be used?

A

After 6 months if the fluoride in the water is less than 0.3 PPM

36
Q

What is the concentration of fluoride when it does not need supplementation?

A

> 0.6 PPM

37
Q

How does fluoride work?

A

Enhances tooth mineralization, reverses de-mineralization, and inhabits acid-producing bacteria.

38
Q

How long should cow’s milk be delayed per AAP?

A

Until 12 months of age.

39
Q

When should 2% milk be transitioned?

A

2 years of age

40
Q

During teething is methemoglobin possible?

A

Yes, due to OTC teething preparations.

41
Q

Should baby teeth be re implanted if lost?

A

No

42
Q

How long does the typical newborn sleep?

A

18 hours

43
Q

When do naps usually disappear?

A

4 years

44
Q

At what age do infants began to put themselves back to sleep?

A

3-4 months

45
Q

What should the hot water heater temperature be?

A

120 F

Pediatric Board Review (10 decks)

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