Head Malformations

Question 0

What is primary microcephaly?

Answer 0

Presence of a genetic or chromosomal conditions.

Question 1

What is the major influence of head size?

Answer 1

Brain growth

Question 2

Secondary microcephalic

Answer 2

Due to infections-pre and postnatal. Must differentiate from craniosynostosis.

Question 3

If an infant has a normal head size at birth and develops a small OFC suggests what?

Answer 3

Secondary etiology

Question 4

Does neuroimaging help identify etiologies?

Answer 4

Yes, CT or MRI

Question 5

What is the usual reason for macrocephaly?

Answer 5

Excess CSF, excessive brain tissue, thickening of the skull, or subdural or epidural bleed.

Question 6

What is a clue for inborn or acquired disorders?

Answer 6

Macrocephaly plus other findings.

Question 7

What is a common cause of benign macrocephaly?

Answer 7

Enlargement of the subdural space.

Question 8

Is there is a sex bias to benign macrocephaly?

Answer 8

Yes, male

Question 9

What is a common etiology of benign macrocephaly?

Answer 9

Genetic

Question 10

What is the definition of plagiocephaly?

Answer 10

Asymmetric.head growth.

Question 11

When do most sutures close?

Answer 11

12 - 24 months

Question 12

When do sutures ossify?

Answer 12

8 years

Question 13

When does full fusion take place?

Answer 13

Early adulthood

Question 14

If a single suture is involved it usually involves which suture?

Answer 14

Saggital in 50%

Question 15

What is the prevalence of only 1 suture plagiocephaly and ethnicity?

Answer 15

0.1% and 85% are Caucasian.

Question 16

What are the most common single sutures that are found in plagiocephaly?

Answer 16

Saggital in 50% then coronal and metopic.

Question 17

Posterior plagiocephaly is mostly due to what?

Answer 17

Supine sleeping

Question 18

If > 1 suture is involved what is the most likely etiology?

Answer 18

A genetic disorder

Question 19

If a posterior suture closure is really due craniosynostosis what would be the most common finding?

Answer 19

The ear over the synostosis would be displaced downward and backward.

Question 20

When is helmet therapy most effective?

Answer 20

Before 6 months.

Question 21

When is the best time for surgery for craniosynostosis?

Answer 21

6 - 12 months