Common Concerns Of Parents Flashcards
What is a likely diagnosis for an infant who cries excessively and becomes diaphoretic during feeding?
Anomalous left artery
What are Wessel’s rule of 3’s of colic?
Crying > 3 hours a day for > 3 days a week for > 3 weeks
Colic usually resolves by what age?
3 months but 1/3 persists until 4 months
When do night terror occur?
Abrupt arousal from stage ND3 sleep
During what stage of sleep does sleep walking occur?
Stage ND3
Sleep talking occurs during what stage of sleep?
All stages
What is the definition of deafness?
Hearing loss > 90 dB
What is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss?
Fluid in the middle ear.
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
Dysfunction of the sensory epithelium, the cochlea, or neural pathways to the auditory cortex.
Severe or profound hearing loss is usually what type?
Sensorineural and usually affects high frequency
What is the most common reason for hearing loss?
50% are inherited with 80% autosomal recessive, 18% dominant, and 2% X-linked.
What are the common infections causing hearing loss?
CMV and toxoplasmosis
What is the usual cause of a shallow tympani grams?
Associated with ossicular fixation or TM scarring, not due to middle ear effusion
What is the usual reason for a disarticulation type of tympani gram?
Ossicular disarticulation. Here the peak pressure is very high
What is the reason for a finding a type B retracted, poorly mobile tympani gram?
Negative middle ear pressure
What is the reason for a type C negative pressure tympani gram?
Eustachian tube dysfunction, a small broad peak to the left. This would show conductive loss
What is visual accommodation?
Ability to focus intraocolar lens to near-viewing and is present at birth but inaccurate until 2-3 months
Are term babies far- or near sights?
Hyperopia or farsighted
Are premie babies far or near-sighted?
Myopic or near-sighted
When does color discrimination occur?
Starts at about 2 weeks of age and improves over the next 3 months.
What is the definition of strabismus?
Misalignment of the eyes-esotropia,exotropia, hypertrophic (upward), or downward (hypotonia).
What is the most common cause of vision loss
Amblyopia- loss of visual acuity not due to ocular pathology and is not corrected by glasses or contact lenses
What are the most common causes of amblyopia?
Strabismus and anisometropia (unequal refraction between eyes)
When does the ability to match colors occur?
By 2 years
Are boys or girls more affected by color blindness?
By 2 years, boys (8-10%) > girls (0.5% girls. X- linked
What is protan and debutant defects?
Blue-green blindness
What are the usual age and weight for ROP?
< 30 weeks and < 1,250 gm
What would a white pupil or leukokoria suggest?
Retinoblastoma, most often caused by a 13q deletion.
Is any type of physical punishment acceptable according to the AAP?
No
At what age does separation anxiety become noticeable?
6 months and ends by age 3 years
At what age does body rocking occur?
6 months in 5-20% of children
At what age does head banging occur?
8-9 months of age and stops by age 4 years.
At what age do most children stop sucking their thumb?
By age 4 years.
Should evaluation for other problems be considered in a thumb sucking adolescent girl?
Yes may indicate underlying psychological psych problem.
Is their a sex difference in nail biting?
Between 5-10 boys=girls, but after 10, boys outnumber girls
What abnormal behavior should make you concerned of possible abuse?
Imitation of sexual intercourse, doll play of any sexual act.
What is meant by gender identity disorder?
Children who truly believe they are the opposite of their genetic sex.
Homosexual youth make up a large percentage of homeless youth?
Yes, estimated 25-40%
What are growing pains?
Benign limb pains, they occur often late in the day or middle of the night and have no joint involvement.
What type of pain presents with severe night time pain and responds to NSAIDS but not Tylenol?
Osteitis ostoma
What is osteitis osteoma?
Benign lesion most often in the proximal femur followed by the tibia.
What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?
Repetitive stress injury to the patellar tendon as it inserts to the tibial tubercle.
What is Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?
Partial or complete idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head
What is Slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
The slipping of the epiphysis off the metaphysics. Usually an obese adolescent African American
What are the clinical findings of ADHD?
Distract able, impulsive, hyperactive, disorganized emotional lability.
Do children with conduct disorder have remorse for their behavior?
They lack guilt or remorse
What is obsessive-compulsiveness?
When rituals and superstitions loose their age appropriateness.
What are the characterizations of obsessions?
Persistent and recurrent, must be involuntary.
Are there conditions where OCD symptoms get worse?
Group A step-PANDAS
What is the definition of obesity?
> 120% of the median weight for height, or BMI > 95th%
What is the definition of over weight?
BMI is 85% - 95%
What are the two most common causes of amblyopia?
Strabismus and anisometropia (unequal refractive error between eyes)
