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Pediatric Board Review > Common Concerns Of Parents > Flashcards

Common Concerns Of Parents Flashcards

0
Q

What is a likely diagnosis for an infant who cries excessively and becomes diaphoretic during feeding?

A

Anomalous left artery

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1
Q

What are Wessel’s rule of 3’s of colic?

A

Crying > 3 hours a day for > 3 days a week for > 3 weeks

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2
Q

Colic usually resolves by what age?

A

3 months but 1/3 persists until 4 months

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3
Q

When do night terror occur?

A

Abrupt arousal from stage ND3 sleep

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4
Q

During what stage of sleep does sleep walking occur?

A

Stage ND3

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5
Q

Sleep talking occurs during what stage of sleep?

A

All stages

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6
Q

What is the definition of deafness?

A

Hearing loss > 90 dB

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss?

A

Fluid in the middle ear.

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8
Q

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Dysfunction of the sensory epithelium, the cochlea, or neural pathways to the auditory cortex.

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9
Q

Severe or profound hearing loss is usually what type?

A

Sensorineural and usually affects high frequency

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10
Q

What is the most common reason for hearing loss?

A

50% are inherited with 80% autosomal recessive, 18% dominant, and 2% X-linked.

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11
Q

What are the common infections causing hearing loss?

A

CMV and toxoplasmosis

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12
Q

What is the usual cause of a shallow tympani grams?

A

Associated with ossicular fixation or TM scarring, not due to middle ear effusion

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13
Q

What is the usual reason for a disarticulation type of tympani gram?

A

Ossicular disarticulation. Here the peak pressure is very high

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14
Q

What is the reason for a finding a type B retracted, poorly mobile tympani gram?

A

Negative middle ear pressure

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15
Q

What is the reason for a type C negative pressure tympani gram?

A

Eustachian tube dysfunction, a small broad peak to the left. This would show conductive loss

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16
Q

What is visual accommodation?

A

Ability to focus intraocolar lens to near-viewing and is present at birth but inaccurate until 2-3 months

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17
Q

Are term babies far- or near sights?

A

Hyperopia or farsighted

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18
Q

Are premie babies far or near-sighted?

A

Myopic or near-sighted

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19
Q

When does color discrimination occur?

A

Starts at about 2 weeks of age and improves over the next 3 months.

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20
Q

What is the definition of strabismus?

A

Misalignment of the eyes-esotropia,exotropia, hypertrophic (upward), or downward (hypotonia).

21
Q

What is the most common cause of vision loss

A

Amblyopia- loss of visual acuity not due to ocular pathology and is not corrected by glasses or contact lenses

22
Q

What are the most common causes of amblyopia?

A

Strabismus and anisometropia (unequal refraction between eyes)

23
Q

When does the ability to match colors occur?

A

By 2 years

24
Q

Are boys or girls more affected by color blindness?

A

By 2 years, boys (8-10%) > girls (0.5% girls. X- linked

25
Q

What is protan and debutant defects?

A

Blue-green blindness

26
Q

What are the usual age and weight for ROP?

A

< 30 weeks and < 1,250 gm

27
Q

What would a white pupil or leukokoria suggest?

A

Retinoblastoma, most often caused by a 13q deletion.

28
Q

Is any type of physical punishment acceptable according to the AAP?

A

No

29
Q

At what age does separation anxiety become noticeable?

A

6 months and ends by age 3 years

30
Q

At what age does body rocking occur?

A

6 months in 5-20% of children

31
Q

At what age does head banging occur?

A

8-9 months of age and stops by age 4 years.

32
Q

At what age do most children stop sucking their thumb?

A

By age 4 years.

33
Q

Should evaluation for other problems be considered in a thumb sucking adolescent girl?

A

Yes may indicate underlying psychological psych problem.

34
Q

Is their a sex difference in nail biting?

A

Between 5-10 boys=girls, but after 10, boys outnumber girls

35
Q

What abnormal behavior should make you concerned of possible abuse?

A

Imitation of sexual intercourse, doll play of any sexual act.

36
Q

What is meant by gender identity disorder?

A

Children who truly believe they are the opposite of their genetic sex.

37
Q

Homosexual youth make up a large percentage of homeless youth?

A

Yes, estimated 25-40%

38
Q

What are growing pains?

A

Benign limb pains, they occur often late in the day or middle of the night and have no joint involvement.

39
Q

What type of pain presents with severe night time pain and responds to NSAIDS but not Tylenol?

A

Osteitis ostoma

40
Q

What is osteitis osteoma?

A

Benign lesion most often in the proximal femur followed by the tibia.

41
Q

What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?

A

Repetitive stress injury to the patellar tendon as it inserts to the tibial tubercle.

42
Q

What is Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?

A

Partial or complete idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head

43
Q

What is Slipped capital femoral epiphysis?

A

The slipping of the epiphysis off the metaphysics. Usually an obese adolescent African American

44
Q

What are the clinical findings of ADHD?

A

Distract able, impulsive, hyperactive, disorganized emotional lability.

45
Q

Do children with conduct disorder have remorse for their behavior?

A

They lack guilt or remorse

46
Q

What is obsessive-compulsiveness?

A

When rituals and superstitions loose their age appropriateness.

47
Q

What are the characterizations of obsessions?

A

Persistent and recurrent, must be involuntary.

48
Q

Are there conditions where OCD symptoms get worse?

A

Group A step-PANDAS

49
Q

What is the definition of obesity?

A

> 120% of the median weight for height, or BMI > 95th%

50
Q

What is the definition of over weight?

A

BMI is 85% - 95%

51
Q

What are the two most common causes of amblyopia?

A

Strabismus and anisometropia (unequal refractive error between eyes)

Pediatric Board Review (10 decks)

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