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Sleep Disorders Specialty > Scoring and Sleep Stage E (D-26 - ) > Flashcards

Scoring and Sleep Stage E (D-26 - ) Flashcards

1
Q

What stage is notable for eye movements (SEM)?

A

N1

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2
Q

What stage is notable for K complexes?

A

N2 (N2 has to have K complexes or sleep spindles. You don’t need both.)

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3
Q

What stage is notable for slow waves (Delta waves)?

A

N3

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4
Q

This stage normally occurs 90 min after sleep onset.

A

REM

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5
Q

This stage is notable for low frequency and high amplitude.

A

N3

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6
Q

What stage is notable for sleep spindles?

A

N2 but may persist into N3

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7
Q

What stage is notable for one or more K complexes unassociated with arousal?

A

N2

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8
Q

What marks the end of stage N2? (x3)

A

Transition to stage W
An arousal
A major body movement followed by slow eye movements and low amplitude mixed frequency EEG without non-arousal associated K complexes. (If no slow eye movements, continue N2)

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9
Q

What stages are notable for sleep spindles and K-complexes? (x2)
One stage has larger, wider K complexes and sleep spindles. Which stage?

A

N2 and N3.

N3 has larger, wider K complexes and sleep spindles.

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10
Q

When 20% or more of an epoch contains slow wave activity, score as what stage?

A

N3

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11
Q

At what stage is the chin EMG at the lowest point?

A

REM

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12
Q

What stage is notable for Theta sawtooth waves in EEG?

A

REM

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13
Q

In what phase of sleep to you see “tonic” or Phasic or non-tonic” waveforms? What’s the difference between them?

A

REM
Tonic is “tame” or smooth
Phasic or Non-Tonic is “Frantic”, or rough and jagged.

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14
Q

What stage of sleep is notable for frequency of 0.5 - 2 Hz and an amplitude of 75 uV peak to peak?

A

N3 (N3 is the only stage that has an amplitude requirement.)

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15
Q

What stage of sleep is marked by a low amplitude, mixed frequency activity, usually 4-7 Hz?

A

N1

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16
Q

What stage of sleep is notable for Vertex waves (V waves)?

A

N1

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17
Q

What stage of sleep is referred to as “drowsy sleep” or “Somnolent sleep”?

A

N1

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18
Q

What stage of sleep is notable for parasomnias, such as sleep-talking, bet-wetting, and night terrors?

A

N3

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19
Q

When does most of the REM stage occur?

A

During the last 1/3 of the night

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20
Q

During this stage of sleep, the brain is active but the body is paralyzed.

A

REM

21
Q

If you see epochs with low amplitude, mixed frequency EEG activity without K complexes, or sleep spindles, score as ___ (stage?)

A

N2

22
Q

To score as N1, slow eye movements are (required/not required).

A

Not required

23
Q

What stage is notable for hypnic jerks?

A

N1 (Hypnic jerks are more commonly seen when the patient is sleep deprived)

24
Q

When bursts of Theta waves are seen with hypnic jerks, what stage is scored?

A

N1

25
Q

Theta waves are the most common sleep frequency in what stage?

A

N1

26
Q

This stage is seen in the frontal region.

A

N3

27
Q

Memorable dreams occur during what stage?

A

REM

28
Q

In the absence of eye movements for Epochs following one or more epochs of REM, if the EEG continues with low amplitude, mixed frequency without K complexes or sleep spindles and the chin EMG remains low, score as ___ (Stage?)

A

REM

29
Q

What stage of sleep is notable for transient muscle activity- short, irregular bursts of EMG activity superimposed on low EMG tone?

A

REM

30
Q

What stage is notable for sleep spindles?

A

N2

31
Q

What stage is notable for K complexes?

A

N2

32
Q

What stage is notable for Theta waves that are 4-7.999 Hz?

A

N1

33
Q

What stage is notable for a decrease in muscular activity?

A

N2

34
Q

When 20% of slow wave activity is seen in the epoch, score as ___ (stage?)

A

N3

35
Q

What stage occupies 45-55% of sleep in adults?

A

N2

36
Q

In what stage is alpha activity replaced by low voltage activity and usually theta waves?

A

N1

37
Q

What stage comprises 30-35% of sleep in adults?

A

N3

38
Q

What stage makes up 20-25% of sleep time?

A

REM

39
Q

What stage is notable for low amplitude, mixed frequency EEG?

A

REM

40
Q

End scoring Stage R when the patient transitions to __ or __.

A

W or N3

41
Q

End scoring Stage R when an increase in ___ EMG is seen.

A

Chin EMG

42
Q

End scoring Stage R when ___ occurs, followed by ___ amplitude, ___ ___ EEG, and ___ eye movements.

A

An arousal
Low amplitude, mixed frequency EEG
Slow eye movements.

43
Q

End scoring stage R when ___ ___ ___ is seen, followed by ___ ___ ___ and ___ amplitude, ___ ___ EEG is seen.

A

Major body movement
Slow eye movements
Low amplitude, mixed frequency EEG.

44
Q

If the patient is in REM sleep and you see no slow eye movements and the chin EMG remains low, what should you score?

A

Continue as Stage R

45
Q

If one or more non-arousal K complexes or sleep spindles are present in the first half of the epoch and no rapid eye movement, but chin EMG is still low, what should you score?

A

N2

46
Q

Arousal rule: When looking at EEG frequency, how do you score arousal?

A

An abrupt shift of EEG frequency greater than 16 Hz (not spindles) lasting at least 3 seconds with 10 seconds of stable sleep preceding the change.

47
Q

Arousal rule: When the patient is in REM sleep, how do you score an arousal?

A

A concurrent increase in submental EMG that lasts 1 second.

48
Q

Which stage decreases with age?

A

N3

49
Q

What are sawtooth waves and what stage of sleep are they found in?

A

Trains of sharply contoured or triangular, 2-6 Hz waves over central head regions and often (not always) preceding a burst of rapid eye movements.
Seen in REM sleep.

Sleep Disorders Specialty (21 decks)

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