Diagnostics & Therapeutics E12-E25 Flashcards
What is artifact?
How do you prevent it?
Unwanted signals.
Prevented by hooking up electrodes cleanly.
What causes artifact? (Besides patient movement) (x2)
Area of electrode not prepped
Incorrect electrode placement
What is the best method to eliminate 60Hz artifact?
What are three other ways to eliminate 60Hz artifact?
Common mode rejection (best)
Use a filter
Make sure all equipment is grounded
Use a single patient ground
How do you recognize 60Hz artifact?
A heavy black baseline
What is the most common cause of 60Hz artifact?
Poor electrode connection
What is cardioballistic artifact?
Recoil movements of the subject’s body from heart contractions
What are three terms used to describe sweat artifact?
Slow-wave artifact
Slow frequency artifact
Sway artifact
How do you recognize sweat artifact?
Very low frequency in the waveform
How do you resolve sweat artifact?
Cool the patient down. (Turn on a fan or remove blankets, for example.)
What causes pen blocking? (x1)
How do you fix it? (x2)
Gain setting is too high.
Increase sensitivity or decrease the gain.
How do you recognize Electrode Popping?
Sharp positive or negative waves.
What causes electrode popping? (x4)
Dirty or Drying of electrode
Pushing or pulling on the electrode
Poor application of an electrode
Electrical interference (TV or radio)
How do you fix electrode popping? (x3)
Re-apply electrode
Re-reference the electrode
Eliminate any interference if possible
When is optimal PAP pressure is achieved?
AHI is less than 5 including supine and REM sleep.
What is the preferred treatment for OSA?
PAP Therapy
What is the most common PAP device for the treatment of OSA?
CPAP (Also called EPAP)
What are three terms for Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure?
BiPAP
BPAP
VPAP
What is auto-titrating CPAP called?
APAP
What is the recommended starting CPAP pressure for adults and children?
4 cm H2O for adults and children.
CPAP pressure should be increased until all these are eliminated (x4)
Hypopneas
Apneas
RERAs
Snoring
When you are increasing pressure, how much should you increase it?
1-2.5 cm H2O for at least 5 minutes.
What happens if you increase CPAP too quickly?
CPAP induced central apneas
The patient is older than 12 years old. When should you increase CPAP?
What is the maximum CPAP level for anyone older than 12?
One obstructive apnea Two hypopneas Three RERAs One minute of loud snoring Maximum of 20 cm H2O
The patient is 12 years old or younger. When should you increase CPAP?
What is the maximum CPAP level for children 12 y/o or younger?
Two obstructive apneas Three hypopneas Five RERAs Three minutes of loud snoring Maximum of 15 cm H2O
You should maintain an O2sat of at least ___.
90%
