Diagnostics & Therapeutics E12-E25

Question 1

What is artifact?

How do you prevent it?

Answer 1

Unwanted signals.

Prevented by hooking up electrodes cleanly.

Question 2

What causes artifact? (Besides patient movement) (x2)

Answer 2

Area of electrode not prepped

Incorrect electrode placement

Question 3

What is the best method to eliminate 60Hz artifact?

What are three other ways to eliminate 60Hz artifact?

Answer 3

Common mode rejection (best)
Use a filter
Make sure all equipment is grounded
Use a single patient ground

Question 4

How do you recognize 60Hz artifact?

Answer 4

A heavy black baseline

Question 5

What is the most common cause of 60Hz artifact?

Answer 5

Poor electrode connection

Question 6

What is cardioballistic artifact?

Answer 6

Recoil movements of the subject’s body from heart contractions

Question 7

What are three terms used to describe sweat artifact?

Answer 7

Slow-wave artifact
Slow frequency artifact
Sway artifact

Question 8

How do you recognize sweat artifact?

Answer 8

Very low frequency in the waveform

Question 9

How do you resolve sweat artifact?

Answer 9

Cool the patient down. (Turn on a fan or remove blankets, for example.)

Question 10

What causes pen blocking? (x1)

How do you fix it? (x2)

Answer 10

Gain setting is too high.

Increase sensitivity or decrease the gain.

Question 11

How do you recognize Electrode Popping?

Answer 11

Sharp positive or negative waves.

Question 12

What causes electrode popping? (x4)

Answer 12

Dirty or Drying of electrode
Pushing or pulling on the electrode
Poor application of an electrode
Electrical interference (TV or radio)

Question 13

How do you fix electrode popping? (x3)

Answer 13

Re-apply electrode
Re-reference the electrode
Eliminate any interference if possible

Question 14

When is optimal PAP pressure is achieved?

Answer 14

AHI is less than 5 including supine and REM sleep.

Question 15

What is the preferred treatment for OSA?

Answer 15

PAP Therapy

Question 16

What is the most common PAP device for the treatment of OSA?

Answer 16

CPAP (Also called EPAP)

Question 17

What are three terms for Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure?

Answer 17

BiPAP
BPAP
VPAP

Question 18

What is auto-titrating CPAP called?

Answer 18

APAP

Question 19

What is the recommended starting CPAP pressure for adults and children?

Answer 19

4 cm H2O for adults and children.

Question 20

CPAP pressure should be increased until all these are eliminated (x4)

Answer 20

Hypopneas
Apneas
RERAs
Snoring

Question 21

When you are increasing pressure, how much should you increase it?

Answer 21

1-2.5 cm H2O for at least 5 minutes.

Question 22

What happens if you increase CPAP too quickly?

Answer 22

CPAP induced central apneas

Question 23

The patient is older than 12 years old. When should you increase CPAP?
What is the maximum CPAP level for anyone older than 12?

Answer 23

One obstructive apnea
Two hypopneas
Three RERAs
One minute of loud snoring
Maximum of 20 cm H2O

Question 24

The patient is 12 years old or younger. When should you increase CPAP?
What is the maximum CPAP level for children 12 y/o or younger?

Answer 24

Two obstructive apneas
Three hypopneas
Five RERAs
Three minutes of loud snoring
Maximum of 15 cm H2O

Question 25

You should maintain an O2sat of at least ___.

Answer 25

90%