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Musculoskeletal > Scoliosis/DJD/Rheumatic disorders > Flashcards

Scoliosis/DJD/Rheumatic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Scoliosis is a ___ rather than a specific disease disorder. It may lead to structural abnormalities of the pelvis, vertebrae, and thoracic cage.

A

Deformity

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2
Q

A reversible lateral curvature of the spine WITHOUT ROTATION. It can be reversed either voluntarily by the patient or by correcting the underlying cause.

A

Non-structural scoliosis

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3
Q

An irreversible lateral curvature of the spine WITH ROTATION of the vertebral bodies in the abnormal area. (Major curve or primary curve)

A

Structural scoliosis

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4
Q

With scoliosis, when the shoulders are level and directly above the pelvis it is considered _____.

A

Compensated

*This is possible because of the development of the compensatory curves above and below the major curve

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5
Q

The designation of right or left scoliosis refers to:

A

The convex side of the major curve

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6
Q

Scoliosis when the shoulders are not level and there is a lateral shift of the trunk to one side

A

Decompensated

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7
Q

(Scoliosis)
On the [convex or concave?] side Increased pressure on the epiphyseal plates produce wedge shaped vertebrae with vertebral body rotation so that the body is toward the [concave or convex?] side

A

Concave,

Convex

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8
Q

Mal-alignment of the spinal joints reaching greater than how many degrees can compromise cardio-pulmonary function and shorten the patients lifespan?

A

> 40 degrees

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9
Q

Signs and symptoms of scoliosis include?

A

High shoulder, scapula prominent, hip protrudes, uneven waist line, curvature and rotation, rib hump

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10
Q

The curve is named from side of ____. Usually right thoracic or left lumbar

A

Convexity

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11
Q

Name four treatments that can be done for people with scoliosis:

A

ES, traction, brace, surgery

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12
Q

__% of curves greater than __ degrees progress after skeletal maturity.

A

70%

> 5 degrees

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13
Q

The prominence in the thoracic region is often referred to as a ___ ___.

A

Rib hump

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14
Q

What are the five categories of scoliosis based on cause?

A

Metabolic scoliosis

Myopathic

Neuropathic

Osteogenic

Idiopathic

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15
Q

Scoliosis seen in such conditions as rickets, osteogenesis imperfecta, and juvenile osteoporosis

A

Metabolic scoliosis

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16
Q

Scoliosis caused by curves in which the primary etiology is muscular, as muscular dystrophy

A

Myopathic

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17
Q

Scoliosis caused by neurological conditions such as poliomyelitis or cerebral palsy

A

Neuropathic

18
Q

Scoliosis caused by a bony, congenital abnormality

A

Osteogenic

19
Q

Cause of scoliosis where Etiology is unknown

A

Idiopathic

20
Q

Metabolic, myopathic, neuropathic, and osteogenic are the four categories that make up approximately __-__% of the scoliosis cases

A

10-15%

21
Q

DASH stands for:

A

Disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand

22
Q

HOOS stands for:

A

Hip disability and Osteoarthritis outcome score.

Similar type of measure as the DASH but for the hip

23
Q

KOOS stands for

A

Knee injury osteoarthritis outcome

24
Q

Involves questions asking about level of function or disability in activities of daily living with people with low back pain. This does not assess pain intensity, but perceived limitations of activity.

A

Oswestry Disability Index

25
Q

Sacroiliac dysfunction with anterior rotation of one ilium. Can make one LE appear longer when patient is supine and you look to see if the malleoli are even

A

Anterior innominate

26
Q

Sacroiliac dysfunction with posterior rotation of one ilium. Can you make me lower extremity appear shorter in supine

A

Posterior Innominate

27
Q

Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) is distinguished from other joint conditions because it DOES NOT involve:

A
  • No Inflammation of the synovial membranes

- Does not produce systemic signs or symptoms

28
Q

The three major causative agents that can lead to DJD are:

A

1) Extensive and repetitive wear and tear on the joint or joints
2) Chronic irritation of or to the joint or joints
3) Joint injury

29
Q

DJD is a common disorder of one or more joints initiated by local deterioration of the articular cartilage characterized by the degeneration of the cartilage, hypertrophy, remodeling of the subchondral bone, and a secondary inflammation of the synovial membrane, but is not a ____ disorder

A

Systemic

30
Q

After the age of 60, __% of women and __% of men have symptoms related to degenerative arthritis.

After the age of 75, __% of men and women are affected.

A

25% of women, 15% of men

80% of men and women

31
Q

Two types of DJD are primary and secondary type.
Which type is more common in adult females, develops spontaneously in middle-age and progresses slowly, is accelerated by continued use or abuse, and obesity aggravates existing degeneration in weight-bearing joints?

A

Primary type

32
Q

Which type of DJD is more common in adult males, develops at any age as a result of injury, deformity, or disease that damages articular cartilage, and it is more common in weight bearing joints?

A

Secondary type

  • some conditions capable of initiating the secondary type:
  • Congenital abnormalities
  • Infectious joint conditions
  • Metabolic arthritis (gout)
33
Q

The pathology of DJD Mainly involves changes in the musculature, ____ cartilage, _____ bone, joint capsule, and ____ membrane of the involved joint.

A

Articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial membrane

34
Q

Subcutaneous protuberances on DIP of fingers that may form due to mucoid degeneration in the fibrous capsule.

A

Heberden’s nodes

35
Q

(DJD)
Muscles controlling affected joints develop ____ in response to pain. Stronger muscles undergo ____ with resultant joint deformity and further restriction of motion.

A

Spasms

Contracture

36
Q

Patients with DJD typically have pain with joint ____ and relief by ___.

A

Motion

Rest

37
Q

A chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membrane of multiple joints and can also affect other organs.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

38
Q

The course of this disease, rheumatoid arthritis, is characterized by spontaneous remissions and unpredictable exacerbations. It occurs most frequently in ____, with the person between the ages of __ and __ years old.

A

Females

20 and 40

39
Q

Pathogenesis of RA can be defined in four stages:

A

Stage 1- Synovitis
Stage 2- Pannus formation
Stage 3- Fibrous ankylosis
Stage 4-Bony ankylosis

40
Q

What are the three stages of disc degeneration?

A

Dysfunction, Instability, Stabilization

Musculoskeletal (7 decks)

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