Scoliosis/DJD/Rheumatic disorders Flashcards
Scoliosis is a ___ rather than a specific disease disorder. It may lead to structural abnormalities of the pelvis, vertebrae, and thoracic cage.
Deformity
A reversible lateral curvature of the spine WITHOUT ROTATION. It can be reversed either voluntarily by the patient or by correcting the underlying cause.
Non-structural scoliosis
An irreversible lateral curvature of the spine WITH ROTATION of the vertebral bodies in the abnormal area. (Major curve or primary curve)
Structural scoliosis
With scoliosis, when the shoulders are level and directly above the pelvis it is considered _____.
Compensated
*This is possible because of the development of the compensatory curves above and below the major curve
The designation of right or left scoliosis refers to:
The convex side of the major curve
Scoliosis when the shoulders are not level and there is a lateral shift of the trunk to one side
Decompensated
(Scoliosis)
On the [convex or concave?] side Increased pressure on the epiphyseal plates produce wedge shaped vertebrae with vertebral body rotation so that the body is toward the [concave or convex?] side
Concave,
Convex
Mal-alignment of the spinal joints reaching greater than how many degrees can compromise cardio-pulmonary function and shorten the patients lifespan?
> 40 degrees
Signs and symptoms of scoliosis include?
High shoulder, scapula prominent, hip protrudes, uneven waist line, curvature and rotation, rib hump
The curve is named from side of ____. Usually right thoracic or left lumbar
Convexity
Name four treatments that can be done for people with scoliosis:
ES, traction, brace, surgery
__% of curves greater than __ degrees progress after skeletal maturity.
70%
> 5 degrees
The prominence in the thoracic region is often referred to as a ___ ___.
Rib hump
What are the five categories of scoliosis based on cause?
Metabolic scoliosis
Myopathic
Neuropathic
Osteogenic
Idiopathic
Scoliosis seen in such conditions as rickets, osteogenesis imperfecta, and juvenile osteoporosis
Metabolic scoliosis
Scoliosis caused by curves in which the primary etiology is muscular, as muscular dystrophy
Myopathic
Scoliosis caused by neurological conditions such as poliomyelitis or cerebral palsy
Neuropathic
Scoliosis caused by a bony, congenital abnormality
Osteogenic
Cause of scoliosis where Etiology is unknown
Idiopathic
Metabolic, myopathic, neuropathic, and osteogenic are the four categories that make up approximately __-__% of the scoliosis cases
10-15%
DASH stands for:
Disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand
HOOS stands for:
Hip disability and Osteoarthritis outcome score.
Similar type of measure as the DASH but for the hip
KOOS stands for
Knee injury osteoarthritis outcome
Involves questions asking about level of function or disability in activities of daily living with people with low back pain. This does not assess pain intensity, but perceived limitations of activity.
Oswestry Disability Index
Sacroiliac dysfunction with anterior rotation of one ilium. Can make one LE appear longer when patient is supine and you look to see if the malleoli are even
Anterior innominate
Sacroiliac dysfunction with posterior rotation of one ilium. Can you make me lower extremity appear shorter in supine
Posterior Innominate
Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) is distinguished from other joint conditions because it DOES NOT involve:
- No Inflammation of the synovial membranes
- Does not produce systemic signs or symptoms
The three major causative agents that can lead to DJD are:
1) Extensive and repetitive wear and tear on the joint or joints
2) Chronic irritation of or to the joint or joints
3) Joint injury
DJD is a common disorder of one or more joints initiated by local deterioration of the articular cartilage characterized by the degeneration of the cartilage, hypertrophy, remodeling of the subchondral bone, and a secondary inflammation of the synovial membrane, but is not a ____ disorder
Systemic
After the age of 60, __% of women and __% of men have symptoms related to degenerative arthritis.
After the age of 75, __% of men and women are affected.
25% of women, 15% of men
80% of men and women
Two types of DJD are primary and secondary type.
Which type is more common in adult females, develops spontaneously in middle-age and progresses slowly, is accelerated by continued use or abuse, and obesity aggravates existing degeneration in weight-bearing joints?
Primary type
Which type of DJD is more common in adult males, develops at any age as a result of injury, deformity, or disease that damages articular cartilage, and it is more common in weight bearing joints?
Secondary type
- some conditions capable of initiating the secondary type:
- Congenital abnormalities
- Infectious joint conditions
- Metabolic arthritis (gout)
The pathology of DJD Mainly involves changes in the musculature, ____ cartilage, _____ bone, joint capsule, and ____ membrane of the involved joint.
Articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial membrane
Subcutaneous protuberances on DIP of fingers that may form due to mucoid degeneration in the fibrous capsule.
Heberden’s nodes
(DJD)
Muscles controlling affected joints develop ____ in response to pain. Stronger muscles undergo ____ with resultant joint deformity and further restriction of motion.
Spasms
Contracture
Patients with DJD typically have pain with joint ____ and relief by ___.
Motion
Rest
A chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membrane of multiple joints and can also affect other organs.
Rheumatoid arthritis
The course of this disease, rheumatoid arthritis, is characterized by spontaneous remissions and unpredictable exacerbations. It occurs most frequently in ____, with the person between the ages of __ and __ years old.
Females
20 and 40
Pathogenesis of RA can be defined in four stages:
Stage 1- Synovitis
Stage 2- Pannus formation
Stage 3- Fibrous ankylosis
Stage 4-Bony ankylosis
What are the three stages of disc degeneration?
Dysfunction, Instability, Stabilization
