Gait Analysis Flashcards
Total amount of vertical displacement of the pelvis is
2 inches
Contact of 1 foot until contact of other foot
Step length
Contact of 1 foot until contact of same foot
Stride length
Which components of gait are best observed in the sagittal plane?
Step length, stride length, hip/knee/ankle flexion and extension, pelvic rotation, arm swing, trunk flexion/extension
Which components are best observed in the frontal plane?
Hip abduction/adduction, genu varus/valgus, Stance width, pelvic tilt, leg length discrepancy
What is the average cadence for an adult?
100 to 116 steps per minute. Men fewer steps than women.
Forward rotation of the pelvis in the horizontal plane is approximately __ degrees on the swing side.
8
What is the hip flexion requirement for normal gait?
30° at mid swing to clear the foot
However, peak hip flexor activation is during pre-swing*
What is the hip extension requirement for normal gait?
10° at terminal stance
What is the knee flexion requirement for normal gait?
60° at initial swing and beginning of mid swing
What is the knee extension requirement for normal gait?
0° at initial contact, mid stance and terminal swing
What is the amount of ankle dorsiflexion required for normal gait?
10° at terminal stance
What is the ankle plantar flexion required for normal gait?
25° at pre-swing
Which muscles are most active during normal gait at initial contact?
Quads, hams, glute max, anterior tib
Hip ABductors to stabilize pelvis in the frontal plane
What muscles fire at initial swing to flex the knee? Is it a Concentric or eccentric contraction?
Hamstrings; concentrically
Which muscles decelerate the limb at terminal swing? Is it a concentric or eccentric contraction?
Hip extensors (glute max and hamstrings) ; Eccentrically
When is the peak activity of the anterior tibialis during the gait cycle?
During initial contact; eccentrically
During mid swing; concentrically
**Initial contact has highest peak of activity
Which muscle controls lateral tilt of the pelvis during the gait cycle?
Is this muscle more active in stance or swing?
Hip abductors/Glute Med
More active in Stance phase
Type of gait deviations that results from pain. Characteristics include decrease joint range of motion, decreased speed, decreased stance time
Antalgic gait
Gate deviation where there is a drop of contralateral hip in stance phase
Pelvic drop
*weakness of hip abductors
Gait deviation where you see elevation of the iliac crest by contraction of quadratus lumborum
Hip hiking
Characteristics of Genu Recurvatum are:
Excessive knee extension in stance
*Potential cause is quadriceps spasticity or weakness, plantar flexion contracture
Potential causes of no heel off during terminal stance
Weak gastrocs/Soleus
Your patient has a positive Trendelenburg gait pattern due to weakness of the Right gluteus medius. Clinically you would expect:
Left pelvic drop during stance phase on the right
