Scoliosis Flashcards
What is any lateral deviation of the spine from the midsagital plane?
Scoliosis
What type of curve fails to correct on side-bending?
Structure/Fixed curve
What is the first sign of a Structure/Fixed curve?
early loss of normal flexibility
What type of curve is flexible and diminishes when the patient is recumbent (lying down)?
Non-structural/“functional” curve
With a non-structure/functional curve, what side of the spine would you have to bend towards in order for the spine to be corrected?
towards the convex side
What type of scoliosis involves the Occiput over the Sacrum?
Compensated
What type of scoliosis does NOT involve the occiput over the sacrum and has a poor prognosis?
Uncompensated
What type of idiopathic scoliosis is a rare condition involving 0-3 year olds, accounting for less than 1% of cases of idiopathic scoliosis in North America with males account for 60% of the cases of early-onset scoliosis?
Infantile scoliosis
What type of curve is the most common in Infantile scoliosis?
Left thoracic curve
How many of the cases of early-onset scoliosis resolve spontaneously of infantile scoliosis?
90%
What type of idiopathic scoliosis involves 4-10 year olds, male = female, and most common curve is a right thoracic curve?
Juvenile scoliosis
What type of idiopathic scoliosis involves 10+ year olds, 80-90% of cases are female, and an early sign is loss of ROM just prior to a growth spurt?
Adolescent scoliosis
What age group would be known as early-onset scoliosis?
less than 5 years old
What age group would be known as late-onset scoliosis?
greater than 5 years old
What is the greatest presenting complaint of scoliosis?
Cosmesis
What is the Sexual maturity rating scale?
Tanner scale
What position enhances the curvature to measure any convex rib or lumbar hump?
Adam’s position
In what position will patients affected with a flexible curve be corrected?
lateral flexion and foward bending
What may flexible curves also present with?
short leg on the convex side
What sign is a degree of iliac epiphysis closure?
Risser’s Sign
What method involves drawing a dot in the center of the upper and lower end vertebra, a dot in the center of the apical vertebra and straight lines are drawn from the end-dots through the apical dot and the angle is measured?
Risser-Fergussion method
What kind of curves is the Risser-Fergussion method only used for?
Congenital curves
What kind of method involves a line drawn horizontally through the superior border of the superior end-vertebra, the same is done to the inferior border of the inferior end-vertebra, and Perpendicular lines are then drawn, and the angle of intersection is measured?
Cobb method
Which is the most universally accepted and reproducible of the mensuration techniques?
Cobb method
What is another name for rotational scoliosis?
Razorback Deformity
What is the term known as when there is greater than 40 degrees of kyphotic curvature along with lateral curvature?
kypho-scoliosis
What is known as the first curve to appear?
Primary curve
What is known as the largest curve with the greatest angulation?
Major curve
What is known as the smaller of several curves?
Minor curve
What is known as two curves of equal importance and is measured within 5 degrees of each other?
Double Major curve
What is the most common curve of scoliosis, extends from T5-T12, does not correct with side-bending, and is always a major curve?
Right thoracic curve
What is the most common Double Major curve?
Right thoracic-Left lumbar
What type of curve do some studies indicate that this may be a red flag for CNS problems and may be correlated with a syrinx or teathering?
Left Thoracic curve
What type of scoliosis involves curves > 20 degrees that progress at slightly less than 1 degree per year?
Adult progression scoliosis
What type of brace is known as a Milwaukee brace and is for thoracic curves with apex of T8 or higher?
CTLSO (20-45 degree curves)
What type of brace is an under arm type of brace and is used for double major curves with apex of T8 or lower?
TLSO (20-45 degree curves)
What Grade of Harrington Criteria is considered average?
Grade 2 (60 degrees)
What law states growth in the period of skeletal immaturity is retarded by mechanical compression on the growth plate and accelerated by growth plate tension?
Heuter-Volkmann law
What method measures rotational scoliosis?
Pedicle method
