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E&M Musculoskeletal System > Scoliosis > Flashcards

Scoliosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is any lateral deviation of the spine from the midsagital plane?

A

Scoliosis

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2
Q

What type of curve fails to correct on side-bending?

A

Structure/Fixed curve

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3
Q

What is the first sign of a Structure/Fixed curve?

A

early loss of normal flexibility

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4
Q

What type of curve is flexible and diminishes when the patient is recumbent (lying down)?

A

Non-structural/“functional” curve

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5
Q

With a non-structure/functional curve, what side of the spine would you have to bend towards in order for the spine to be corrected?

A

towards the convex side

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6
Q

What type of scoliosis involves the Occiput over the Sacrum?

A

Compensated

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7
Q

What type of scoliosis does NOT involve the occiput over the sacrum and has a poor prognosis?

A

Uncompensated

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8
Q

What type of idiopathic scoliosis is a rare condition involving 0-3 year olds, accounting for less than 1% of cases of idiopathic scoliosis in North America with males account for 60% of the cases of early-onset scoliosis?

A

Infantile scoliosis

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9
Q

What type of curve is the most common in Infantile scoliosis?

A

Left thoracic curve

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10
Q

How many of the cases of early-onset scoliosis resolve spontaneously of infantile scoliosis?

A

90%

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11
Q

What type of idiopathic scoliosis involves 4-10 year olds, male = female, and most common curve is a right thoracic curve?

A

Juvenile scoliosis

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12
Q

What type of idiopathic scoliosis involves 10+ year olds, 80-90% of cases are female, and an early sign is loss of ROM just prior to a growth spurt?

A

Adolescent scoliosis

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13
Q

What age group would be known as early-onset scoliosis?

A

less than 5 years old

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14
Q

What age group would be known as late-onset scoliosis?

A

greater than 5 years old

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15
Q

What is the greatest presenting complaint of scoliosis?

A

Cosmesis

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16
Q

What is the Sexual maturity rating scale?

A

Tanner scale

17
Q

What position enhances the curvature to measure any convex rib or lumbar hump?

A

Adam’s position

18
Q

In what position will patients affected with a flexible curve be corrected?

A

lateral flexion and foward bending

19
Q

What may flexible curves also present with?

A

short leg on the convex side

20
Q

What sign is a degree of iliac epiphysis closure?

A

Risser’s Sign

21
Q

What method involves drawing a dot in the center of the upper and lower end vertebra, a dot in the center of the apical vertebra and straight lines are drawn from the end-dots through the apical dot and the angle is measured?

A

Risser-Fergussion method

22
Q

What kind of curves is the Risser-Fergussion method only used for?

A

Congenital curves

23
Q

What kind of method involves a line drawn horizontally through the superior border of the superior end-vertebra, the same is done to the inferior border of the inferior end-vertebra, and Perpendicular lines are then drawn, and the angle of intersection is measured?

A

Cobb method

24
Q

Which is the most universally accepted and reproducible of the mensuration techniques?

A

Cobb method

25
Q

What is another name for rotational scoliosis?

A

Razorback Deformity

26
Q

What is the term known as when there is greater than 40 degrees of kyphotic curvature along with lateral curvature?

A

kypho-scoliosis

27
Q

What is known as the first curve to appear?

A

Primary curve

28
Q

What is known as the largest curve with the greatest angulation?

A

Major curve

29
Q

What is known as the smaller of several curves?

A

Minor curve

30
Q

What is known as two curves of equal importance and is measured within 5 degrees of each other?

A

Double Major curve

31
Q

What is the most common curve of scoliosis, extends from T5-T12, does not correct with side-bending, and is always a major curve?

A

Right thoracic curve

32
Q

What is the most common Double Major curve?

A

Right thoracic-Left lumbar

33
Q

What type of curve do some studies indicate that this may be a red flag for CNS problems and may be correlated with a syrinx or teathering?

A

Left Thoracic curve

34
Q

What type of scoliosis involves curves > 20 degrees that progress at slightly less than 1 degree per year?

A

Adult progression scoliosis

35
Q

What type of brace is known as a Milwaukee brace and is for thoracic curves with apex of T8 or higher?

A

CTLSO (20-45 degree curves)

36
Q

What type of brace is an under arm type of brace and is used for double major curves with apex of T8 or lower?

A

TLSO (20-45 degree curves)

37
Q

What Grade of Harrington Criteria is considered average?

A

Grade 2 (60 degrees)

38
Q

What law states growth in the period of skeletal immaturity is retarded by mechanical compression on the growth plate and accelerated by growth plate tension?

A

Heuter-Volkmann law

39
Q

What method measures rotational scoliosis?

A

Pedicle method

E&M Musculoskeletal System (32 decks)

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