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Biology > Scientific Process And Chemistry > Flashcards

Scientific Process And Chemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The three particles that make up atoms are_______

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

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2
Q

If an atom contains 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons, it’s mass number is _____

A

7

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3
Q

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and a different number of _____

A

Neutrons

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4
Q

If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is _____

A

11

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5
Q

Which of the following is a substance formed by the chemical joining of two or more elements in definite amounts?

A

Compound

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6
Q

A covalent bond is formed as the result of?

A

Sharing electrons

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7
Q

What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?

A

Positive

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8
Q

Water molecules are polar with the ?

A

Oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive

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9
Q

When salt is dissolved in water, water is the

A

Solvent

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10
Q

A substance with a pH of 5 that releases H ions in solution is called?

A

An avid

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11
Q

Solutions that have more OH- than H+ ions are?

A

Bases

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12
Q

Carbon-12 is the most common isotope of carbon. It has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Of its 6 electrons, 4 are valence electrons. How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?

A

4

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13
Q

Amino acid is to protein as?

A

Simple sugar is to starch

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14
Q 
Which if the following is not a monomer?
A. A glucose molecule
B. An amino acid
C. A nucleotide
D. A protein
A

D. A protein

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15
Q

Identify the reactants in the chemical reaction, CO2+H20–> H2CO3

A

CO2 and H20

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16
Q

The energy needed to get a reaction started is the?

A

Activation energy

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17
Q

A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is called?

A

A catalyst

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18
Q

Enzymes (biological catalysts) affect the reactions in living cells by changing the?

A

Speed of the reaction

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19
Q

When scientists use some or all of the steps of gathering information and testing hypotheses in order to solve problems they are using?

A

Scientific methodology

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20
Q

A testable explanation for a question or problem is a(n)?

A

Hypothesis

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21
Q 
Which of the following are polymers or macromolecules?
A. Carbohydrates 
B. Nucleus acids
C. Amino acids 
D. All of these
A

D. All of these

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22
Q

What are the basic building blocks of proteins that link together with peptide bonds?

A

Amino acids

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23
Q

When molecules of glucose and fructose (monosaccharides) combine to form sucrose (disaccharide), they do so by?

A

Dehydration synthesis

24
Q

The various enzymes in our bodies are made of ?

A

Proteins

25
Q

An experiment is?

A

A test of a hypothesis

26
Q

Compounds containing carbon that are found in living organisms are called _____ compounds?

A

Organic

27
Q

How many electrons can a carbon atom share? (How many are in the outer shell?)

A

Four

28
Q

A chlorine atom becomes a negative chloride up when it?

A

Gains an electron

29
Q

Carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 are?

A

Isotopes

30
Q

The total number of atoms in a molecule of sucrose, C11H22O12 is?

A

45

31
Q

Information gathered from an experiment observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two-week period is called

A

Quantitive date

32
Q

During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests only

A

One variable at a time

33
Q

Who reviews articles written by scientists for peer-reviewed journals?

A

Anonymous scientists in the same field

34
Q

A scientist noticed that the number of salamanders in Linda in the Rocky Mountains was declining. This was an?

A

Observation

35
Q

A substance that is composed of only one type of atom is called a(n)?

A

Element

36
Q

A molecule like water that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge in the other side is called a(n)?

A

Polar molecule

37
Q

Due to its polarity, weak attractions between water molecules form. They are called?

A

Hydrogen bonds

38
Q

Polysaccharides are?

A

Carbohydrates

39
Q

Long chains if amino acids are found in?

A

Proteins

40
Q

A molecule of water has?

A

2 polar bonds

41
Q

When added to water how does an acid affect the pH and H+ concentration?

A

pH decreases while H+ increases

42
Q

Which of the following statements statements about enzymes is not true?
A. Enzymes are reusable like a key
B. One enzyme can be used for any substrate
C. Enzymes are proteins
S. The shape of an enzyme allows it to do its job

A

B. One enzyme can be used for any substrate

43
Q

In humans and other multicellular organisms, which substance plays a control role as a quick energy source?

A

Carbohydrate

44
Q

What type of electron is available to form bonds?

A

Valence or outer shell

45
Q

A hypothesis is?

A

A testable possible explanation of a given problem

46
Q

Water is a polar molecule bc?

A

Different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges due to oxygen hogging electrons

47
Q

The two types of nucleus acids are?

A

DNA and rna

48
Q

What causes the overall charge of a neutral atom to be zero?

A

An equal number of protons and electrons

49
Q

When hear energy is released in a reaction the reaction is said to be?

A

Exothermic

50
Q

In what type of reaction are bonds broken, atoms rearranged and bonds reformed?

A

Chemical

51
Q

Polymers, in general, are composed of ?

A

Monomers

52
Q

Nuclei acids, like DNA, are composed of what?

A

Nucleotides

53
Q

Lipids are composed of what?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

54
Q

Atoms of elements shown in the periodic table have a _____ charge?

A

Neutral

55
Q

The amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called what?

A

Activation energy

56
Q

When an enzyme bonds with its substrate, the activation energy needed for the chemical reaction to occur _____

A

Decreases

Biology (9 decks)

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