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Biology > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The allele for a ____ trait is usually represented by a capital letter?

A

Dominant

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2
Q

____ individuals have two of the same alleles for a particular gene?

A

Homozygous

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3
Q

During ____, the information on the DNA molecule is rewritten or copied into an mRNA molecule which can leave the nucleus.

A

Transcription

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4
Q

When a ____ binds to an mRNA codon, the amino acid detaches from the tRNA molecule and bonds to the end of a growing protein chain.

A

tRNA anticodon

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5
Q

During meiosis, chromosomes number is reduced through ____ rounds of cell division

A

Two

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6
Q

Gametes are ____ so that one fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote will have the characteristic number of chromosomes for that species.

A

Haploid

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7
Q

Alleles in the ____ produced by each parent are shown along the sides of a punnett square

A

Gametes

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8
Q

Body cells that contain two alleles instead of one for each trait are described as?

A

Diploid

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9
Q

Red is in completely dominant over white in 4 o’clocks. What percentage of offspring will be pink if you cross two pink flowers?

A

50%

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10
Q

The dogs phenotype can be determined by?

A

Looking at the dog

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11
Q

If black is dominant over white, a female guinea pig homozygous dominant for black for color is mated with a male homozygous for white fur color in a litter of a offspring there will probably be?

A

Eight Black guinea pigs

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12
Q

Genes located on homologous chromosomes may have alternate forms control different forms of a trait . These alternate forms of a gene are represented by letters B and b are called?

A

Alleles

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13
Q

Tall is dominant over short. Heterozygous tall P plant is crossed of the shortly. The probability that plants resulting from this cross will be tall is?

A

50%

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14
Q

Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to?

A

All organisms

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15
Q

The breed of chicken shows code dominance for feather color. One allele codes for black feathers, another codes for white feathers. The feathers of heterozygous chickens of this breed will be?

A

Speckled or checkered black-and-white

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16
Q

Human gametes have?

A

One set of chromosomes(one from each homologous pair)

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17
Q

Gametes are produced by the process of?

A

Meiosis

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18
Q

Which cell division process occurs when you skin your knee?

A

Mitosis making more diploid cells

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19
Q

Unlike mitosis, at the end of meiosis, there are?

A

Four haploid daughter cells

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20
Q

What stores information in a cell?

A

DNA

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21
Q

In what way is DNA like a reference book in a library?

A

DNA has stored information that can be copied and passed on

22
Q

The type of inheritance shown when a red flowering plant is crossed with a white flowering plant and only pink flowering plants are produced is?

A

Incomplete dominance

23
Q

Which of the following is true: RNA is single stranded, DNA is single stranded, DNA contains uracil, rna contains thymine?

A

RNA is single stranded

24
Q

Which type of rna brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell?

A

mRNA

25
Q

What is produced during transcription?

A

Rna molecules

26
Q

How many nucleotides or bases are needed to specify three amino acids?

A

Nine

27
Q

What happens during translation?

A

The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins

28
Q

Most importantly, genes control the cell and traits of organisms bc the contain codes or instructions for assembling?

A

Proteins

29
Q

Which id the correct sequence of the transfer of information?

A

DNA to rna to protein

30
Q

In eukaryotes?

A

Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm

31
Q

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for?

A

The same traits

32
Q

In humans, gametes contain?

A

22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome

33
Q

In humans, the male determines the sex of the child because males have?

A

One x and one Y chromosome

34
Q

The law of segregation states that?

A

Alleles of a gene separate from each other during meiosis

35
Q

What would represent a strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand CUCAAGUGCUUC was made?

A

GAGTTCACGAAG

36
Q

The function of rRNA is to?

A

Form ribosomes

37
Q

What percentage of human speed cells carry an X chromosome?

A

50%

38
Q

Transcription ,which is a stage of gene expression, is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n)?

A

RNA molecule

39
Q

At the very beginning of translation, the first tRNA molecule

A

Binds to the mRNAs start codon

40
Q

What is the expected phenotypic ratio resulting from a homozygous dominant crossed with a heterozygous mono hybrid cross?

A

1 to zero

41
Q

The unknown genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype can be determined by a former operator by using a?

A

Test cross

42
Q

Female is to xx as male is to?

A

XY

43
Q

Diploid is a somatic cell and haploid is?

A

Gamete

44
Q

A haploid cell is one that?

A

Has one set of chromosomes

45
Q

Separation of homologues occurs in meiosis during?

A

Anaphase one

46
Q

Crossing over occurs

A

During prophase one

47
Q

An allele that is always expressed whatever it is present is called?

A

Dominant

48
Q

There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids which of the following is true: several different codons can specify the same amino acid, each coat on specifies a different amino acid, or some amino acids have no link to a codon?

A

Several different codons can specify the same amino acid

49
Q

When Gregor Mendel crossed a true breeding tall plant with a true breeding short plant, the F1 plants inherited?

A

And allele for tallness from the tall parent and an allele for shortness from the short parent

50
Q

What are the six steps of protein synthesis?

A
  1. Gene is unzipped

Biology (9 decks)

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