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Biology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

All of the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population

A

Gene pool

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2
Q

How often a form of a gene appears in a gene pool(percentage)

A

Allele frequency

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3
Q

Many traits exhibit the intermediate phenotype; function where the graph does a bell shaped curve since most organisms exhibit the mean phenotype

A

Normal distribution

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4
Q

Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations; happens on a small scale

A

Micro evolution

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5
Q

Occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait

A

Directional selection

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6
Q

Natural selection that favors intermediate variation of a phenotype

A

Stabilizing selection

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7
Q

Conditions favor individuals at both extremes of a phenotype

A

Disruptive selection

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8
Q

Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to or from the population

A

Gene flow

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9
Q

A change in allele frequencies of gene pool of a population due to chance

A

Genetic drift

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10
Q

Genetic drift that occurs after an event greatly reduces the size of a population

A

Bottleneck effect

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11
Q

Genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area

A

Founder effect

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12
Q

Form of reproduction isolation in which two populations are deprecated physically but geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water

A

Geographic isolation

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13
Q

Condition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a particular gene pool remain constant over time; population so not evolving; also known as genetic equilibrium

A

Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

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14
Q

Pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change

A

Punctuated equilibrium

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15
Q

The ride of a new species from one existing species

A

Speciation

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16
Q

form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have differences in courtship rituals or other types of mating rituals that prevent them from interbreeding

A

Behavioral isolation

17
Q

Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have different mating season or mate at different times of the day

A

Temporal isolation

18
Q

Process by which UNRELATED organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments; also known as repeatable evolution

A

Convergent evolution

19
Q

When two or more species sharing a common ancestor become more different over time; normal pathway of speciation seen in darwins tree of life

A

Divergent evolution

20
Q

Process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other; ex: plants and their pollinators

A

Coevolution

21
Q

A term that typically describes a species that no longer has any known living individuals

A

Extinction

22
Q

An evolutionary pattern in which many species evolve from a single ancestral species; ex: when dinosaurs became extinct small mammals are said to have done this

A

Adaptive radiation

23
Q

What is the formula for allele frequency?

A

times allele is present in gene pool/total # of alleles for trait in gene pool

24
Q

Genetic variation in a population (increases/decreases) chance for survival

A

Increases

25
Q

Random change in DNA of a gene

A

Mutation

26
Q

Mutations can do what two things?

A
  1. Can form new allele

2. Can be passed on t offspring if in reproductive cells

27
Q

Recombination forms new?

A

Combinations of alleles

28
Q

Genetic drift causes

A

A loss of Genetic diversity

29
Q

The founding of a small population can lead to?

A

Genetic drift

30
Q

What is sexual selection?

A

A type of selection that favors traits that are advantageous for mating (ex. Peacock feathers)

31
Q

The isolation of populations can lead to?

A

Speciation

32
Q

When do populations become isolated?

A

When there is no gene flow

33
Q

What is the final step to becoming separate species

A

Reproductive isolation

34
Q

As long as gene flow is occurring, those populations are interbreeding so they are not evolving. If you have gene flow you have equilibrium. If gene flow stops you get?

A

Reproductive isolation

35
Q

Where does genetic variation come from?

A

Several sources

36
Q

Natural selection acts on what?

A

The distribution of traits

37
Q

Natural selection can change the distribution of a trait in / ways

A

1 of three ways

38
Q

T or f: evolution through natural selection is not random

A

True

39
Q

Speciation often occurs (in patterns/randomly)

A

In patterns

Biology (9 decks)

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