Chapter 10

Question 1

The theory that different types of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

A group of closely related organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring

Answer 2

Species

Question 3

The trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock

Answer 3

Fossil

Question 4

A principle that states that geologic change occurs suddenly

Answer 4

Catastrophism

Question 5

The principle that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by current geologic processes

Answer 5

Uniformitarianism

Question 6

Any difference between organisms within a population

Answer 6

Variation

Question 7

An anatomical, physiological, or behavioral change that improves a populations ability to survive

Answer 7

Adaptation

Question 8

Selective breeding of organisms by humans for specific desirable characteristics

Answer 8

Artificial selection

Question 9

Able to be inherited

Answer 9

Heritable

Question 10

When individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do

Answer 10

Natural selection

Question 11

A group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific area and interbreed

Answer 11

Population

Question 12

The ability of individuals to survive to pass on their genes

Answer 12

Fitness

Question 13

The study of the geographical distribution of living organisms and fossils on earth

Answer 13

Biogeography

Question 14

When very different animals have structures that appear very similar in form; suggested as evidence of common ancestry

Answer 14

Homologous structure

Question 15

Describes features that are similar in function and appearance but not in structure or origin

Answer 15

Analogous structure

Question 16

Structure in an organism that is nonfunctional but may have been a remnant of a functional structure in the organisms ancestors

Answer 16

Vestigial structure

Question 17

The scientific study of fossils

Answer 17

Paleontology

Question 18

T or f: an individual organisms can adapt

Answer 18

False: a species may adapt over time but an individual cannot

Question 19

Charles Darwin was a ____ on a ship?

Answer 19

Naturalist

Question 20

What are the four main points?

Answer 20

1. Variations exist in a population
2. More offspring are produced than can survive
3. Some variations are advantageous for survival
4. Favorable variations are passed down to offspring

Question 21

Why was Darwin given credit for being the father of evolution?

Answer 21

He was the first to propose a mechanism for evolution, mechanism was natural selection

Question 22

Selective breeding=

Answer 22

artificial selection

Question 23

What is the difference between homologous and vestigial structures?

Answer 23

Homologous is similar in structure but not function; vestigial has no use but had a function in ancestor

Question 24

What does the phrase “ontogeny recapitulates phlogeny” mean?

Answer 24

Embryological development replays organisms evolutionary history

Question 25

The pelvic girdle of a whale is an example of a ____ structure?

Answer 25

Vestigial

Question 26

A DNA sequence that resembles a gene but seems to have no function

Answer 26

Pseudogenes

Question 27

Development of pesticide resistance in insects in another example of what in action?

Answer 27

Natural selection

Question 28

Events such as volcanoes, floods and earthquakes are the basis of what geologic theory?

Answer 28

Catastrophism

Question 29

What geologic theory can be summarized by the phrase “the present is the key to the past”?

Answer 29

Uniformitarianism

Question 30

Who was Charles darwins poetic grandfather

Answer 30

E. Darwin

Question 31

Thought that a giraffes long neck evolved from reaching high in trees

Answer 31

Buffon

Question 32

Grouped living organisms into categories based on what they looked like

Answer 32

Linnaeus

Question 33

Wrote Historie Naturelle in 1749

Answer 33

Lamarck