scientific method and enzymes Flashcards
1
Q
enzyme
A
- catalyst that speeds up biological reactions which are not consumers
- only complete specific jobs
- reusable
- reduces the activation energy of reaction (amount of energy required to get the reaction started)
2
Q
anabolic
A
- joins 2 or more substrate molecule together
3
Q
catabolic
A
- break a molecule into smaller parts
4
Q
lock and key process
A
- a substrate is drawn into the active site of the enzyme
- substrate shape much be compatible with the active site in order to react
- enzyme modifies the substrate breaking down or joining together molecules
5
Q
induced fit model
A
- 2 substrate molecules are drawn into the active site
- the enzyme changes ape forcing the substrate molecules to combine
- the resulting end product is released by the enzyme, which returns to its normal shape
6
Q
factors affecting enzymes
A
- temperature
- enzyme concentration
- substrate concentration
7
Q
temperature
A
- enzyme activity increases with temperature increase
- due to increased particle speed
= increase collision with enzyme and substrates - if too hot enzyme denatures loosing it 3D shape therefore substrate won’t fit
8
Q
enzyme concentration
A
- rate of reaction increases with increasing enzyme concentration
- more enzymes present
9
Q
substrate concentration
A
- rate of reaction increases and then plateaus with increasing substrate concentration
- more substrates
- all enzymes are busy and need to wait
10
Q
enzyme helpers
A
- cofactors
- inhibitors
- competitive inhibition
- non-competitive inhibition
11
Q
cofactors
A
- permanently or temporarily attaches to enzyme to change shapes
- helps form the active site for the substrate to fit into to
12
Q
inhibitors
A
- bind to enzyme causing its shape to change preventing the substrate from binding
13
Q
competitive inhibition
A
- mimic true substance and fits into active site
- fits the active site but doesn’t do anything
- blocks the enzyme stopping its function
14
Q
non-competitive inhibition
A
- doesn’t land in the active site but attaches and changes the shape of the active site
- substrate is unable to fit into active site
- preventing function
15
Q
stages of scientific method
A
- observation
- hypothesis
- design and conduct experiment
- recording and analyzing data
- conclusion
