exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
digestive system
A
- the process when large complex molecules are broken down into simple substances
- animals make energy using food and oxygen
2
Q
herbivore and omnivore digestive system
A
- long digestive system
- harder to digest cellulose
- bacteria in the intestines to help
3
Q
carnivore digestive system
A
- short digestive system
- protein easier to digest then cellulose
4
Q
mechanical digestion
A
- when large pieces of food are broken down into smaller parts through chewing or muscular movement in the stomach
- aim is to increase surface area of food so i can be acted on by enzymes in chemical digestion
5
Q
chemical digestion
A
- when enzymes break down complex substances into their simplest form
e. g. carbs - glucose
6
Q
roles of the digestive system
A
ingestion
digestion
absorption
egestion
7
Q
ingestion
A
- taking in of nutrients into the mouth
adaptations - organism choosing suitable food for ingestion
- physical features such as catching food
8
Q
digestion
A
- chemical and mechanical breakdown of food into small molecules that can be absorbed
adaptations - structure / number of teeth
- foods the animal can digest
9
Q
absorption
A
the taking up of digested moeluces into the internal environment of the cells digestive tract
10
Q
digestion
A
the removal of waste from the body
11
Q
transport system of the body 4 main functions CS
A
- transportation of water, oxygen and carbon dioxide
- distribution of nutrients and removal of waste
- maintenance of body temp
- circulation of hormones
12
Q
naming system extended response
A
- first step is to place an organism into its kingdom based on cell structure / distinguishing features
- organisms that are more closely related will have more characteristics in common then others
- organisms are then divided into next hierarchical divisions (phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
- organisms are categorized into divisions based on shared characteristics and methods of reproduction
- modern technology has allowed relationships to be established by comparing DNA and molecular sequences, helped to classify species and reclassify organisms into more appropriate divisions
- each member of a species is assigned a unique and defining 2 part name
- binomial name represents the genus and species of the organisms. species is italicized
- important because it allows scientists to accurately identify individual species without any confusion
- classification is used to analyse information about organisms and their relationship with other organisms
- important for communication and collaboration amongst scientist around the world
13
Q
what is biodiversity, what are major threats and what are some possible solutions
A
- biodiversity refers to the variation of genes, species and ecosystems that exist
threats:
loss of habitat eg land clearing/ wetland drainage
due to housing/ farming
pollution
climate change
introduction of species
solutions:
creation of national parks and conservation zones
reducing hunting seasons and size restrictions
revegetation
public awareness campaigns
global agreements
14
Q
compare abiotic and biotic features of rainforest and desert ecosystems
A
desert abiotic: high temp high light wide temp variations low water soil infertility biotic: small biomass reptiles xerophyte plants low biodiversity rainforest biotic : high humidity high rainfall high temp high to low light levels biotic: large biomass large trees mammals amphibians high biodiversity
15
Q
circulatory systems of bird and an insect
A
bird: closed circulatory system have vessels double circulatory system 4 chambered heart materials transported in blood insect: open circulatory system flows through body cavity materials transported in haemolymph
