Scientific method Flashcards
What is the definition of science?
The use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process.
What is the scientific method?
A systematic process to acquire knowledge that reduces cognitive assumptions distorting interpretations.
List the steps involved in the scientific method.
- Observation
- Questioning
- Making (or refining) a hypothesis
- Testing (experimentation)
- Coming to a conclusion/result
- Iteration
What is a hypothesis?
A TENTATIVE explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested.
Give an example of a simple hypothesis.
Water MAY help plants to grow.
What is a formal hypothesis example?
Eating sweets may lead to tooth decay.
What is the structure of an ‘if … then’ statement in a hypothesis?
‘IF [condition], THEN [predicted outcome].’
True or False: A scientific hypothesis can be proven absolutely correct.
False
What must a hypothesis allow for it to be scientific?
It must be possible to prove it is either correct or incorrect.
What is a directional hypothesis?
A hypothesis that includes a directional prediction.
What is the difference between non-directional and directional statements?
Non-directional statements do not specify a direction, while directional statements do.
What characteristics are essential for useful data?
- Accuracy
- Precision
- Reliability
- Replication
How can you ensure data is collected accurately?
- Repeat readings and calculate the average
- Use another identical instrument for comparison
- Use high-quality equipment
- Take readings in a timely manner
What does accuracy in measurements refer to?
The set of measurements should be close to their true values.
What is the outcome if a hypothesis is proved correct after testing?
It can become established as a recognized theory or scientific law.
What is an example of a scientific law?
Sir Isaac Newton’s Gravitational law.
What can cause a scientific theory to change?
- New evidence becoming available
- New technologies developed
- New areas of science being discovered
What role does NASA’s James Webb telescope play in scientific research?
It allows for advancements in observing the Universe, contributing to the development of scientific theories.
