Chemical Flashcards
Define the term ‘solution’.
A homogeneous mixture of two or more components
The dissolving agent is the solvent, and the substance that is dissolved is the solute.
What is the term for the dissolving agent in a solution?
Solvent
What do you call the substance that is dissolved in a solution?
Solute
What is the size of components in a solution?
10−9 m or smaller in diameter
Provide an example of a solution.
Sugar and water
Define ‘solubility’.
The degree to which a substance dissolves in a solvent to make a solution
How is solubility usually expressed?
Grams of solute per litre of solvent
What is a saturated solution?
A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature and pressure
How do the particles in suspensions compare to those in solutions?
Larger than those found in solutions
What happens to the components of a suspension over time?
They will eventually settle out
Provide an example of a suspension.
Paints with dyes suspended in oil
Define ‘compound’.
A pure substance made from more than one element, with elements chemically bonded together
What is meant by the ‘fixed ratio’ in compounds?
Atoms of elements bond together in a specific ratio, represented by a chemical formula
Give an example of a chemical formula for a compound.
H₂O for water or CO₂ for carbon dioxide
What is necessary to break apart the elements in a compound?
A chemical reaction
What are the two types of processes that can separate mixtures?
Physical processes and chemical reactions
Define ‘mixture’.
Formed when two or more elements or compounds are present without being chemically bonded together
How are the substances in a mixture different from those in a compound?
Not present in specific amounts or ratios
What is one method to separate a mixture of sand and water?
Filtration
What is the process used to separate a solution of salt and water?
Crystallisation or distillation
How can a mixture of iron filings and sulphur powder be separated?
Using a magnet
