Motion Flashcards
What are the types of motion?
- Linear
- Rotary
- Reciprocating
- Oscillating
Each type of motion utilizes an applied force to create movement in a set pattern.
What is linear motion?
Movement in a straight line, e.g. a train moving along a straight track.
Linear motion is characterized by a constant direction.
What is rotary motion?
Movement around an axis or pivot point, e.g. a bicycle wheel.
Rotary motion involves circular paths.
What is reciprocating motion?
A repeated up and down or back-and-forth movement, e.g. a piston.
Reciprocating motion is common in engines.
What is oscillating motion?
A curved backwards and forwards movement that swings on an axis or pivot point, e.g. a swing or clock pendulum.
Oscillating motion typically involves periodic motion.
Define force.
A push or pull exerted by one object on another.
Force has both magnitude and direction.
What is the SI unit of force?
Newton (N).
1 newton is the force that gives a mass of 1 kg an acceleration of 1 m/s².
What is the formula for weight force?
F = mg.
Where g is the acceleration due to gravity, approximately 9.81 m/s².
What is an applied force called?
Action.
The opposing force is called a reaction.
What are the three defining characteristics of a force?
- Magnitude (size)
- Direction
- Point of application
These characteristics define how a force acts on an object.
What is the formula for pressure?
P = F/A.
Where P is pressure in pascals (Pa), F is force in newtons (N), and A is area in square meters (m²).
If a force of 400 N is applied to an area of 200 mm², what is the pressure?
20 bar.
This calculation involves converting mm² to m² and applying the pressure formula.
What is the formula to calculate force using pressure and area?
F = P × A.
This formula is used in hydraulic systems to determine the force produced.
What is a moment?
A measure of the tendency of a force to rotate a body.
Moments are calculated by multiplying the load by the distance from the fulcrum.
What is the unit of a moment?
Newton metre (N·m).
Moments can be clockwise or anticlockwise.
For a lever to balance, what must be true about the moments?
The sum of the anticlockwise moments must equal the sum of the clockwise moments.
This principle is fundamental in mechanics.
What is torque?
A moment that causes rotation about an axis.
Torque is often applied using tools like spanners.
How is torque calculated?
Torque = (force × distance).
Similar to moments, torque involves multiplying force by the distance from the pivot.
Fill in the blank: A force has ______ characteristics.
[three defining]
True or False: Pressure is defined as force divided by area.
True.
