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Scientific method Flashcards

1
Q

Radioactive Materials

A

materials that emit radiation from an unstable nuclei

Example: Thorium

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2
Q

Glass Stir Rod

A

A long, thin, glass cylinder used for stirring or pouring

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3
Q

Quasi-Experimental Research

A

type of non-experimental investigation in which the researcher studies the effects of an independent variable, but chooses experimental groups rather than assigning them randomly

Example: a nutritionist starts a nutrition education program at one nursing home and not at another one, then compares the health of the residents at each nursing home afterward

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4
Q

Experimental Investigation

A

Researchers assign subjects in the sample to certain treatments, then observe the effects of the treatment. Can show causation (cause and effect).

Example: Does using algebra tiles during instruction help freshman students learn how to solve equations?

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5
Q

Hypothesis

A

an informed prediction (made based on previous observations) for a phenomena. Should be testable.

Example: If we give plants more fertilizer, they will grow taller.

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6
Q

Magnetic Compass

A

instrument that features a magnetized pointer that points towards Earth’s magnetic north or any magnetic field that is stronger and closer than Earth’s

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7
Q

Independent Variable

A

the variable manipulated by the scientist conducting the experiment to observe the effect on the dependent variable

Example: In an experiment investigating the effect of the amount of light on plant growth, the amount of light is the independent variable since it affects the amount of growth.

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8
Q

Heavy Metals

A

metals with high atomic number and high density that cause damage to human tissue

Example: Mercury

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9
Q

Scientific Method

A

a series of deliberate steps by which scientists observe, hypothesize, test, analyze data, and communicate results

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10
Q

Mathematical Models

A

models that use mathematical formulas, variables, and language to refer to relationships and processes in a system

Example: the formula for gravitational force is F=mg

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11
Q

Safety Goggles

A

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that protects eyes from injury

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12
Q

Peer Review

A

evaluation of work by others in the same field

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13
Q

Compound Microscope

A

A free-standing microscope that uses two lenses and produces a 2-d image of the magnified sample

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14
Q

Test Tube

A

A small, thin, glass or plastic tube with an open top and closed bottom used for holding or mixing substances

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15
Q

Problem-Solving

A

identify the issue and create a solution to move the group forward

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16
Q

Experimental Group

A

a group of specimens in an experiment to which a change is made; receives the experimental treatment

Example: In an experiment investigating the effect of talk therapy on alleviating depression, the group receiving the medicine and the therapy would be the experimental group.

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17
Q

Non-Experimental Investigation

A

a research method in which conditions are not carefully controlled; the scientist may study an independent and/or dependent variable, but does not control the other factors in the investigation

Example: survey, observation, analysis of observed behavior

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18
Q

Protractor

A

A flat, semicircular tool divided into degrees and used to measure angles

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19
Q

Flammable

A

chemical property of burning in air

Example: Butane

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20
Q

Ruler

A

a tool used to measure length

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21
Q

Hand Lens

A

A small, portable device consisting of one or more lenses that magnify objects

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22
Q

Telescope

A

An optical instrument that often uses two convex lenses to form a virtual image of a distant object.

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23
Q

Controlled Variable

A

a variable that is kept stable throughout the experiment, across control and experimental groups, to ensure that any difference in the dependent variable is because of the independent variable.

Example: In an experiment investigating the effect of amount of light on plant growth, the amount of water would be a controlled variable since it is not being studied.

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24
Q

Stopwatch

A

An instrument with start and stop buttons and a time display used for timing

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25
Inference
a conclusion based on evidence, observation, and reasoning
26
Conceptual Models
a representation of a system using diagrams or drawings to explain complex or abstract systems or processes Example: a diagram of cellular respiration
27
Beam Balance
A device made up of a lever with two or more beams, sliding masses, and one or more pans on which to place objects used to measure mass
28
Toxic
poisionous, causing harm to the body
29
Physical Models
a smaller or larger replica of an object done to scale
30
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
a standardized information sheet for a substance; includes information about health risks, safe disposal and cleanup of spills, and environmental risks
31
Thermometer
tool used to measure temperature; measures in degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius
31
Measuring Tape
A long, thin, flexible tool divided into centimeters (cm) and millimeters (mm) and used for measuring length
32
Graduated Cylinder
A tall, cylindrical instrument with a closed, broad base and graduations demarking volume along its side
33
Observation
information gathered using the five senses
34
Gloves/Mitts
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that protects hands from injury
35
Data
information gathered through measurement and observations; used as a basis for calculations, reasoning, discussion, and conclusions
36
Hot Plate
A heating device similar to a portable electric stovetop, which can include a magnetic stirrer
37
Control Group
a group of specimens in an experiment to which no change is made; does not receive the experimental treatment Example: In an experiment investigating the effect of talk therapy on alleviating depression, the group receiving only the medicine would be the control group.
38
Scientific Theory
a proposed explanation for a phenomenon which may not be testable
38
Critical Thinking
Analysis and judgement
39
Funnel
A tube that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom and used to channel or filter liquids and powders
40
Conclusion
a summary of the results of an experiment; states whether the initial hypothesis was rejected or supported
41
Evidence
data gathered in the course of scientific investigation, including measurements taken and observations made using the five senses
42
Organic Solvents
carbon-based solvents able to dissolve a range of substances
42
Electronic Timer
A device that measures time, often counting down from a set time interval
43
Correlational Research
type of non-experimental investigation in which the researcher may study two variables, but does not control the rest of the conditions of the study
44
Transfer Pipette
A disposable, plastic pipette that is used to transfer small volumes (< 8 mL) of liquid
45
Beaker
A cylindrical, glass container with a wide mouth, lip, and spout (beak)
46
Dependent Variable
a variable measured by the scientist conducting the experiment Example: In an experiment investigating the effect of amount of light on plant growth, the plant growth would be the dependent variable since it depends on the amount of light
47
Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)
written procedure to protect team members from exposure to hazardous, toxic, or volatile chemicals
48
Corrosive Liquids
liquids that can degrade substances through direct contact
49
Volatile
chemical property of evaporating or vaporizing easily
50
Models
physical, mathematical, or visual representations of scientific phenomena
51
Scientific Law
a proven explanation for a phenomenon
52
Waft
Wave the air toward the face. The safe way to smell a test tube.
53
Variables
factors that can change or vary in an experiment
53
Electronic Balance
Used to measure weight or mass with a base, display, and pan on which to place objects
54
Single-Variable Research
type of non-experimental investigation in which the researcher makes observations before and after the application of a treatment or question
55
Foot Protection
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that protects feet from injury Example: Close-toed Shoes
56
Holistic
concerning the whole rather than the parts

FTCE Science (15 decks)

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