Organisms

Question 1

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 1

reproduction using the genetic material from only one parent. Offspring are created via mitosis and genetically identical to parents.

Example: bacteria using binary fission to divide into two cells

Question 1

Ovary

Answer 1

the flower structure which produces ovules

Question 2

Style

Answer 2

the flower structure which supports the stigma; the tube down which pollen travels to the ovary

Question 3

Stamen

Answer 3

the male reproductive structure of the plant; includes the anther and filament

Question 4

Cardiovascular / Circulatory System

Answer 4

transports material (ex: oxygen) throughout the body

Example: heart

Question 5

Light-Dependent Reaction

Answer 5

a reaction that requires light to occur

Example: During photosynthesis, sunlight is converted into chemical energy.

Question 6

Light-Independent Reaction

Answer 6

reactions that can occur without light being present

Question 7

Bacteria

Answer 7

single celled, microscopic organisms that can be spherical, spiral, or rod shaped. Prokaryotic (no nucleus). Can be helpful or harmful.

Example: E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus

Question 8

Phototropism

Answer 8

Directional growth of a plant in response to light

Example: Sunflower pointing toward the sun

Question 9

Calvin Cycle

Answer 9

stage of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is synthesized into sugar

Question 10

Urinary System / Excretory System

Answer 10

controls water balance and removes wastes from the bloodstream

Example: kidneys

Question 11

Digestive System

Answer 11

breaks down food that is eaten through physical and chemical reactions, then either absorbs it (small intestine) or passes it from the body (rectum)

Example: stomach

Question 12

Pistil

Answer 12

female reproductive organs of a plant; includes ovary, style, and stigma

Question 13

Endocrine System

Answer 13

produces hormones that are used by other parts of the body to regulate, react, or grow

Example: pituitary gland

Question 14

Stigma

Answer 14

in flowers, the top portion of the pistil; the location of pollen germination

Question 15

Budding / Vegetative Propagation

Answer 15

Term definition.
asexual reproduction involving branching off of the main organism

Example: dogwood trees, birch trees

Question 16

Cross-Pollination

Answer 16

sexual reproduction using the genetic material from two plants; pollen from one plant fertilizes the egg of another

Example: flowers; vegetables

Question 17

Integumentary System

Answer 17

protects the internal parts of the body from foreign matter, regulates body temperature, and gets rid of some wastes such as water and salt through perspiration.

Example: skin

Question 18

Coefficient (in a Reaction)

Answer 18

a number placed in front of a chemical symbol or formula that indicates the number of atoms or molecules needed for a reaction

Question 19

Anther

Answer 19

the plant reproductive structure which contains pollen

Question 20

Haploid

Answer 20

a type of cell with half the genetic material normally present; a gamete or sex cell

Question 21

Filament

Answer 21

the plant reproductive structure which supports the anther

Question 22

Transpiration

Answer 22

process of evaporation in which water exits as vapor from the surface of plant leaves

Question 23

Reproductive System

Answer 23

creates gametes (male: sperm, female: eggs) and facilitates creating offspring

Example: ovaries

Question 24

Chloroplast

Answer 24

organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place; contains chlorophyll

Question 25

Nervous System

Answer 25

detects and processes information and activates body responses to that information Example: brain

Question 26

Respiratory System

Answer 26

brings oxygen into the bloodstream and releases carbon dioxide from the bloodstream Example: lungs

Question 27

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 27

reproduction using the genetic material from two parents Example: flowering plants creating a fruit

Question 28

Spore Dispersal

Answer 28

asexual reproduction involving the diffusion of spores by air or water Example: mosses, ferns

Question 29

Protozoa

Answer 29

an infectious agent which is transmitted between organisms and can target body systems and cause cell death Example: Plasmodium, Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma brucei

Question 30

Ovule / Egg

Answer 30

female plant gametes; haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes of normal plant cells; fertilized by pollen

Question 31

Photosynthesis

Answer 31

process by which plants use light, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food (sugar) and oxygen

Question 32

Fungi

Answer 32

an infectious agent which can infect a variety of tissue types and requires an antifungal to kill Example: Tinea versicolor, Microsporum, Trichophyton

Question 33

Thigmotropism

Answer 33

Directional growth of a plant responding to touching a surface or object Example: Ivy growing on walls

Question 34

Muscular System

Answer 34

moves body parts working with the skeletal system (ex: leg) or materials (ex: food via intestine, blood via heart) Example: bicep muscle

Question 35

Self-Fertilization

Answer 35

sexual reproduction using the genetic material from one plant; pollen from one plant fertilizes the egg of the same plant Example: pea plants and other flowering plants

Question 36

Gravitropism / Geotropism

Answer 36

Directional growth of a plant in response to gravity Example: Roots growing towards the center of earth

Question 37

Viruses

Answer 37

an infectious agent which can only reproduce with the help of another organism Example: influenza, hepatitis, human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 38

Skeletal System

Answer 38

protects the organs, gives the body structure and support, works with the muscular system for movement, and stores essential minerals like calcium Example: femur bone

Question 39

Stomata

Answer 39

small openings on plant leaves that water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen pass through during photosynthesis. regulate the amount of air and water that enter and exit the leaf cell

Question 40

Stem

Answer 40

A plant structure that supports the leaves

Question 41

Lymphatic System / Immune System

Answer 41

protects body from disease and infection and removes excess water from around the organs Example: white blood cells

Question 42

Infectious Agents

Answer 42

members of an ecosystem which can cause disease, sickness, and even death to organisms

Question 43

Chlorophyll

Answer 43

pigments that capture energy from solar radiation and power the chemical process

Question 44

Pollen

Answer 44

male plant gametes; haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes of normal plant cells; fertilize the ovule

Question 45

Worms (Infectious)

Answer 45

an infectious agent which targets organs or organ systems Example: Trichinella spiralis, Schistosoma

Question 46

Leaves

Answer 46

primary site of photosynthesis in plants