Energy

Question 1

Renewable Resources

Answer 1

resources which replenish at the same (or faster) rate than the rate at which they are used

Example: wind energy, solar energy, hydroelectric power

Question 1

Period

Answer 1

the time it takes to complete one full wave cycle, measured in seconds

Example: a 17 second stop-light cycle

Question 2

Heat

Answer 2

the thermal energy transferred from a hot object to a cooler object

Example: a hot water bottle next to your sore shoulder transfers thermal energy in the form of heat

Question 3

Energy Transformation

Answer 3

the change of one type of energy into another type

Example: sledding down a hill - potential energy into kinetic energy

Question 4

Energy Transfer

Answer 4

the movement of energy from one object or place into another

Example: cue ball hitting billiard ball, transfers kinetic energy

Question 5

Mechanical Energy

Answer 5

the sum of potential and kinetic energy in a mechanical system

Question 6

Combustion Motor

Answer 6

a device that transforms chemical energy into mechanical energy

Example: car engine

Question 7

Coal

Answer 7

a fossil fuel formed from land plants

Question 7

Fossil Fuels

Answer 7

a natural non-renewable fuel source. derived from underground, fossilized (petrified) remains of living organisms.

Example: natural gas, petroleum, coal

Question 8

Acid Rain

Answer 8

rain with a lower pH than neutral

corrosive to many substances, including rocks

often caused by pollution

Example: sulfur dioxide dissolves in the water droplets of clouds to make sulfuric acid

Question 9

Wave

Answer 9

a disturbance that transports energy as it moves through space and time

Example: water wave, electromagnetism, sound

Question 10

Potential Energy

Answer 10

energy that is stored in the position or configuration of objects

Example: ball on top of a hill; two positive electrical charges close together

Question 11

Greenhouse Gases

Answer 11

gases which, when present in elevated quantities in Earth’s atmosphere, trap solar radiation and cause the planet to warm

Example: carbon dioxide

Question 12

Temperature

Answer 12

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material or substance.

Example: the thermosphere - high temperature from few molecules moving fast

Question 13

Decibel

Answer 13

The unit for the loudness of sound and is abbreviated dB.

Question 13

Pitch

Answer 13

a description of the frequency of a sound wave; high-pitched sounds have high-frequency waves

Question 14

Turbine

Answer 14

a device that transforms kinetic energy into mechanical energy

Example: Blades of a windmill

Question 15

Hydroelectric Energy

Answer 15

energy collected as gravity pulls water from higher elevations to lower elevations

Example: Hoover Dam

Question 16

Crests

Answer 16

the peaks, or highest points, of a vertically vibrating transverse wave

Question 17

Medium

Answer 17

the material that carries a mechanical wave

Example: air for sound wave, a string for a violin

Question 18

Troughs (of a Wave)

Answer 18

the valleys, or lowest points, of a vertically vibrating transverse wave

Question 19

Generator

Answer 19

A device that uses electromagnetic induction to produce an electrical current (mechanical energy to electrical energy).

Example: Generator within a windmill

Question 20

Compression Wave

Answer 20

a longitudinal wave with areas of high and low pressure, or density

Example: sound

Question 21

Natural Gas

Answer 21

a fossil fuel byproduct formed with coal and oil

Question 22

Loudness

Answer 22

human perception of the intensity of a sound Example: industrial noise at 110 dB sounds very loud

Question 23

Nuclear Fusion

Answer 23

a process in which the nuclei of light elements, like hydrogen, fuse together to create the nuclei of heavier elements, like helium Example: reactions within the sun

Question 24

Wave Speed

Answer 24

a measure of how fast the wave energy moves from one place to another Example: speed of light

Question 25

Foot-Pound (Ft⋅Lb)

Answer 25

the unit for energy in US customary units

Question 26

Oil

Answer 26

a fossil fuel formed from marine organisms

Question 27

Dual Nature

Answer 27

light has both a wave nature and a particle nature

Question 28

Mechanical Waves

Answer 28

Physical waves that travel through a medium. Example: sound, water waves

Question 29

Kinetic Energy

Answer 29

the energy of motion Example: person running; molecules vibrating

Question 30

Frequency

Answer 30

the number of ocurrences of an observed behavior over a set time period Example: A teacher counting the number of times Jacob sticks his tongue out at a classmate during a one-hour class would be collecting frequency data.

Question 31

Visible Light

Answer 31

light with frequencies that humans can see Example: Wavelengths: Red is long. Violet is short. Frequency: Red is low. Violet is high.

Question 32

Doppler Effect

Answer 32

an increase in the frequency of a wave when an emitter and/or an observer move toward each other and a decrease in the frequency when the objects move apart Example: Police radar

Question 33

Electron Transitions

Answer 33

the movement of electrons from the ground state in atoms to higher orbitals and back due to the absorption and emission of energy Example: neon lights

Question 34

Wavelength

Answer 34

the length (in space) of one complete wave cycle, measured in distance units Example: crest to crest distance on a water wave

Question 35

Solar Energy

Answer 35

energy from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation

Question 36

Amplitude

Answer 36

the maximum displacement of a particle of the medium during a vibration (measured from non-vibrating position to one crest) Example: height of an ocean wave above the ocean's normal surface height

Question 37

Dark Energy

Answer 37

an unknown source of energy that is thought to fuel the ever-increasing expansion of the Universe

Question 38

Photosynthesis

Answer 38

process by which plants use light, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food (sugar) and oxygen

Question 39

Threshold of Pain

Answer 39

sound at 120 dB

Question 40

Thermal Energy

Answer 40

The amount of internal energy an object has due to the vibrations, rotations, and motions of its atoms or molecules. Example: hot water bottle

Question 41

Threshold of Hearing

Answer 41

0 dB, the softest sound a human can hear

Question 42

Joule (J)

Answer 42

The units of heat and energy in the SI system (metric system).

Question 43

Electromagnetic Waves

Answer 43

Waves consisting of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum because they do not require a medium. Emitted by all objects with a temperature above absolute zero. Example: light, radio waves, x-rays

Question 44

Longitudinal Wave

Answer 44

a wave in which the direction of the vibration is parallel to the direction the energy travels Example: sound

Question 45

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Answer 45

the entire range of frequencies of electromagnetic waves from very long radio waves to very short gamma rays Example: infrared, ultraviolet

Question 46

Excited Electrons

Answer 46

electrons in orbitals higher than the ground state

Question 47

Photon

Answer 47

a particle of light energy Example: particle nature of light

Question 48

Photovoltaics

Answer 48

panels collect sunlight and turn the energy into electricity

Question 49

Transverse Wave

Answer 49

a wave in which the direction of the vibration is perpendicular to the direction the energy travels Example: light, vibrating guitar string

Question 50

Energy

Answer 50

the ability to create heat (thermal energy transfer) or do work (apply a force that moves something through a distance) Example: gasoline has stored potential chemical energy

Question 51

Intensity

Answer 51

a measure of the severity or volume of a behavior when it occurs Example: A teacher notes that over time, with coaching and reminders, an autistic student's verbal self-stimulation has gotten quieter and less disruptive.

Question 52

Non-Renewable Resources

Answer 52

resources which will be depleted faster than they can be replenished Example: natural gas, petroleum