Science WK 4 T4

Question 1

Long-Term Memory

Answer 1

• memories are encoded by its meaning (semantically)
• stored in semantic networks
• different to sensory/short-term memory
• is maintained because changes to your brain cells (neurons) and their connection to other neurons

Question 2

Types of L-T Memory

Answer 2

Procedural Memory
- how to do things —> actions, skills, conditioned responses

Declarative Memory
- events. facts, general knowledge

Includes:

• semantic memory - memory for facts
• episodic memory - events (birthdays)

Question 3

Implicit/Explicit Memory

Answer 3

Memory retrieved from L-T memory can be expressed as

Implicit - doesn’t require deliberate recall (subconscious)

Explicit - deliberate conscious recall

Question 4

Retrieval Failure Theory

Answer 4

• L-T memory remains inaccessible without the relevant cue or prompt to assist in retrieving it from L-T memory

Question 5

Retrieval Cues

Answer 5

• mental reminders/prompts that are created to assist your recollection in the future
• can be created explicitly, implicitly or both
• an efficient retrieval cue is similar to the original encoding of the info

Question 6

Context Dependent Cues

Answer 6

Cues can be dependent on the:

• environment where memory was encoded
• emotional state when memory was encoded
• smell, taste, sound can also be associated to a memory

Question 7

Explanations of the Tip-of-the-tongue example

Answer 7

Retrieval Failure Theory
- info was available but not accessible due to a lack of adequate retrieval cues

Interference Theory
- material is available but is blocked by similar material