Science Vocab #3 Flashcards
Describe Differentiation
Differentiation-in humans the process in which cell layers eventually form the organs and tissues of a baby.
It continues for 38 weeks. Differentiation in humans is divided into 3 trimesters.
What is a diploid Number?
The specific number of chromosomes in eukaryotic organisms. Diploid means the a body cell has 2 sets of chromosomes, for humans = 46 or 2 x 23 chromosomes.
What is an embryo?
A zygote that has undergone Mitosis and cell division. (now a multi-cellular organism)
Describe embryonic development
It is the early development of an organism. In humans take place in the first 2 months following fertilization.
What is external fertilization?
When a sperm cell and an egg cell unite outside the bodies of their parents.(common in animals that live in water)
What is fertilization?
A process where a egg cell is penetrated by a sperm cell and the haploid genetic information of both male and female gametes combine.
What are gametes?
Specialized cells necessary for reproduction. Male gametes = sperm Female gametes = egg cells
What is a haploid number?
Each set of inherited chromosomes is referred to as a haploid number. They are carried in gametes.
What are homologous chromosomes?
A pair of matching chromosomes, one chromosomes from each parent, lines up at the equator.
Describe internal fertilization
Sperm cells are deposited inside the females body where they meet an egg cell.
Describe mating
Mating is the process by which gametes arrive in the same place at the same time.
What is meiosis?
The process that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as body cells
What is sexual reproduction?
Requires 2 parents. Process that produces offspring that are genetically different from each other, from either parent, and form any other member of their .species.
What is a zygote?
The new diploid cell formed by the process of fertilization, which received half its chromosomes from its female parent and half from its male parent.
