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Science > Science V5 > Flashcards

Science V5 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following contains a human’s hereditary information?
Plasmids
ATP
Chromatin
Histones

A

Chromatin

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2
Q

If a represents atomic mass and Z represents atomic number, which of the following describes an atom after a protein is admitted from its nucleus?
A+1Z+1
A+1. Z-1
A - 1, Z - 1
A-1. Z-1

A

A - 1, Z - 1

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3
Q

Which of the following types of cells stimulates other immune cells to attack and destroy foreign agents?
Helper T-cells
Plasma cells
Natural killer cells
Cytotoxic T-cells

A

Helper T-cells

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4
Q

Experiments cannot validate hypothesis, only falsified them. The statement above can be restated in which of the following ways.

Proving a hypothesis exempt from its further testing
A hypothesis that has not been falsified remains provisional

A

A hypothesis that has not been falsified remains provisional

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5
Q

Which of the following tissues lines, the interior surfaces of the heart?

Endocardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Pericardium

A

Endocardium

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6
Q

Which of the following is classified as a non-infectious disease?

Chikungunya
Psoriasis
Brucellosis
Dengue

A

Psoriasis

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7
Q

An experienced mountaineer decides to climb Mount Everest, taking the same route in the same season and with similar materials and equipment used in a fatal 1924 expedition. Which of the
following is the scientific purpose of such a climb?
To measure the oxygen levels at high elevation
To identify routes that can be explored in future climbs
To show that modern technology makes climbing safer
To assess why the earlier expedition failed

A

To assess why the earlier expedition failed

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8
Q

Which of the following tools can be used to measure the turbidity of a liquid by measuring the transmission of light through the sample?
Centrifuge
Microdensitometer
Electrophorometer
Spectrophotometer

A

Spectrophotometer

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9
Q

Which of the following respiratory structures is affected by a disease that disrupts gas exchange, such as emphysema?
Alveoli
Secondary bronchi
Trachea
Primary bronchi

A

Alveoli

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10
Q

In pea plants, green pod color (G) is dominant to yellow pod color (g). A cross was done between a plant with green pods and a plant with yellow pods. Of the resulting offspring, 50% had green pods and 50% had yellow pods. Which of the following were the genotypes of both parent plants?
gggg
GgGg
Gggg
GGgg

A

Gggg

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11
Q

Which of the following would result in an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction?
Decreasing the concentration of the reactant
Using a mortar and pestle to grind a solid reactant to a powder
Sealing the reaction in an airtight container
Adding more of the product

A

Using a mortar and pestle to grind a solid

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12
Q

Which of the following is correct regarding the pH scale?
A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more acidie than a substance with a pH of 4.
A substance with a pH of 3 is two times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 4.
A substance with a pH of 3 is two times more alkaline than a substance with a pH of 4.
A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more alkaline than a substance with a pH of 4.

A

A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more acidie than a substance with a pH of 4.

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13
Q

Use the table below to answer the question.
Object Mass Time of Fall
A5.0 g 2.0 sec
B5.0 g 1.0 sec
C 30.0 g 0.5 sec
D 35.0 g 1.5 sec

Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data?
The greater the mass of an object, the faster it will fall.
The time of fall is independent of the mass of the object.
Air resistance is greater for A than for B.
Objects A and B will fall at the same rate.

A

Air resistance is greater for A then for B

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14
Q

A slice of apple left on a table slowly goes brown due to an enzymatic reaction. Dipping the apple slice in lemon juice prevents it from browning. Which of the following best explains this result?
Lemon juice functions to dilute the brown material.
Lemon juice functions to bleach the brown material.
Lemon juice has a pH which inactivates the enzymes.
Lemon juice has enzymes which reverse the browning reaction.

A

Lemon juice has a pH, which inactivates the enzymes

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15
Q

Which of the following is an example of a biological macromolecule?
Protein
Amino acid
Nucleic acid
Monosaccharide

A

Protein

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16
Q

Which of the following describes one difference between skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles?
Skeletal muscles are autorhythmic, whereas cardiac muscles are not.
Cardiac muscles contain intercalated dises, whereas skeletal muscles do not.
Skeletal muscles are found in the viscera, whereas cardiac muscles are found in the cranium.
Cardiac muscles are voluntary, whereas skeletal muscles are involuntary.

A

Cardiac muscles contain intercalated discs were as skeletal muscles do not

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17
Q

Which of the following atoms is most likely to become a cation?
Potassium, atomic number 19
Helium, atomic number 2
Fluorine, atomic number 9
Oxygen, atomic number 8

A

Fluorine, atomic number 9

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18
Q

The component of an atom that possesses relatively little mass, thus being negligible in calculating the atomic mass number, is the
Quark
Neutron
Proton
Electron

A

Electron

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19
Q

Parasitic worm infestation is hypothesized to be damaging to the host. However, scientists have recently discovered that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders. In which of the following ways should the hypothesis be modified, given the new findings?
Lack of worm infestations is the cause of some autoimmune disorders.
Worm infestation reduces the severity of certain autoimmune disorders.
Worm infestation prevents the body from immune malfunction.
Worm infestations exacerbate the body’s immune reactions.

A

Warm infestation reduces the severity of certain autoimmune disease

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20
Q

When a volcano erupts, its actions are similar to which of the following events?
A tree root pushing up through the pavement.
A building burning to the ground
A flood eroding the banks of a stream.
A can of soda fizzing when it is opened.

A

A can of soda fizzing when it is opened

21
Q

Which of the following organelles is the site of intracellular digestion?
Lysosomes
Centrosomes
Ribosomes
Mitochondria

A

Lysosomes

22
Q

Which of the following cells transfers pigment granules to adjacent epidermal cells?
Merkel cells
Langerhans cells
Keratinocytes
Melanoeytes

A

Melanoeytes

23
Q

Which of the following hormones regulates blood calcium levels?
Melatonin
Growth hormone
Parathyroid hormone

A

Parathyroid hormone

24
Q

Norepinephrine In order to determine the effects of energy drinks on women’s running speed, researchers gave 300 women an energy drink and then recorded the time it took each of them to run 2 miles. After collecting the results, researchers concluded that energy drinks increase the speed of running in women.
Which of the following further tests would best help to support this conclusion?
Repeat the same experiment, using 300 men.
Repeat the experiment, giving half of the women water and the other half the energy drink.
Repeat the experiment, giving the women two different energy drinks.
Repeat the experiment, having half of the women run 2 miles and the other half run 5 miles

A

Repeat the same experiment using 300 men

25
Q

Which of the following body system breaks down proteins into amino acids?
Endocrine
Excretory
Digestive
Circulatory

A

Digestive

26
Q

Which of the following is the term given to the sequence of nucleotides that contain the information to make a specific protein molecule?
Operator
Promoter
Locus
Gene

A

Gene

27
Q

The hip is an example of which of the following type of joints?
Ball- and -socket
Pivot
Hinge
Gliding

A

Ball- and- socket

28
Q

Which structure of the female reproductive system is the source of the blood and mucosal tissue during menstruation? (You will find hot spots to select in the artwork below. Select only the hot spot that corresponds to your answer.
L
If a portion of a strand of DNA bases reads S’ AGCTAGCGT 3’, what would the sequence of bases on the complementary strand read?
3’ AGCTAGCGT 5’
3’ TCGATCGCA 5’
5’ UCGAUCGCA 3
STCGUTCGCU 3

A

3’ TCGATCGCA 5’

29
Q

Which of the following nucleotides is only found in RNA?

Guanine
Thyming
Adenine
Uracil

A

Uracil

30
Q

Which of the following pathways best represents the expected flow of blood from the human heart to an organ?
Blood pumped from the heart first enters arteries that then narrow to form veins that deliver blood to the organ.
Blood pumped from the heart first enters arteries that then narrow to form arterioles that deliver blood to capillaries of the organ.
Blood pumped from the heart first enters veins that then narrow to form venules that deliver blood to arteries of the organ.
Blood pumped from the heart first enters arterioles that then merge to form arteries that deliver blood to the organ,

A

Blood pumped from the heart first enters arteries that then narrow to form arterioles that deliver blood to capillaries of the organ.

31
Q

Which of the following correctly orders structures from simple to complex?
Organs, tissues, cells, atoms
Cells, tissues, atoms, organs
Atoms, organs, tissues, cells
Atoms, cells, tissues, organs

A

Atoms, cells, tissues, organs

32
Q

Which of the following structures drains oxygen-depleted blood from the kidneys?
Ureter
Renal artery
Urethra
Renal vein

A

Renal vein

33
Q

The vermiform appendix extends from the region of the large intestine known as which of the following?
Jejunum
Cecum
Ischium
Rectum

A

Cecum

34
Q

Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Golgi apparatus
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Cell membrane

35
Q

Which of the following molecules contains the fewest covalent bonds?
Chlorine molecule (Cl_(2})
Ammonia molecule (NH_(3})
Water molecule (H_(2}O)
Methane molecule (CH_(4})

A

Chlorine molecule

36
Q

The “gray matter” of the brain is largely made up of which of the following?
Meninges
Neuron cell axons axons
Neuron cell bodies
Corpus collosum

A

Neuron cell bodies

37
Q

Which of the following parts of the eukaryotic cell is responsible for making ATP?
Nucleus
Centrioles
Lysosome
Mitochondria

A

Mitochondria

38
Q

Which of the following endocrine organs in the diagram below is involved in regulating milk production following childbirth?
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands
Pituitary gland

A

Pituitary gland

39
Q

In which of the following locations does fertilization of an egg cell typically occur?
Uterus
Fallopian tube
Ovary

A

Fallopian tube

40
Q

Using the equation pH –log[H+]. a solution with a [H+] - 10 ^ - 9 M has a pi of which of the following?
10
9
5
1

A

9

41
Q

Which of the following organs removes nitrogenous waste from the body?
Large intestine
Gall bladder
Liver
Kidneys

A

Kidneys

42
Q

Which of the following processes causes most of the carbon dioxide from the blood to move into the alveoli?
Conversion to carbon monoxide
Diffusion down a concentration gradient
Passive transport using carner proteins
Active transport using energy

A

Diffusion down a concentration gradient

43
Q

Which the following characteristies of water helps explain why coastal arcas experience less dramatic temperature changes during the day than more inland areas?
Water’s adesive properties prevent evaporation.
Water forms covalent bonds with other water molecules.
Water has a high specific heat capacity.
Water is a versatile solvent

A

Water has a high specific heat capacity

44
Q

Which of the following demonstrates a chemical reaction of water?
Water produces gas with sodium metal.
Water boils to produce steam at 100 deg * C(212 deg * F)
Water dissolves sugar.
Water and oil separate when combined.

A

Water produces gas with sodium metal

45
Q

Which of the following distinguishes endocrine and exoerine glands from one another?
The biochemistry of their secretions
The effect their secretions have on the target cells
The presence or absence of nerve innervation
The presence or absence of ducts

A

The presence or absence of ducts

46
Q

A study found two processes, Process A and Process B, to be correlated. Which of the following is true for these processes?
The study cannot indicate whether Process A and B have a negative relationship.
The study cannot indicate whether Process A and B have a positive relationship.
The study indicates that Process A causes Process B.
The study does not indicate a causal relationship between the processes

A

The study does not indicate a casual relationship between the processes

47
Q

Escherichia coli is plated on nutrient agar plates that each contain a different type of antibiotic.
The shaded area represents growth of the bacteria. Which of the following plates contains bacteria that were most resistant to the antibiotic?
Nutrient agar plate
Nutrient agar plate
Nutrient agar plate

A

The very last one

Nutrient agar plate

48
Q

Water molecules enter cells by which of the following transport mechanisms?
Proton pumps
Facilitated diffusion
Gated channels
Electrochemical gradients

A

Facilitated diffusion

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