Science V3 Flashcards
Which of the following are the two major parts of the nervous system?
•
Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system and central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system and somatic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system
Which of the following substances is responsible for donating H+ ions to act
uffer when blood pH rises?
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Oxygen
Carbonic acid
Carbonic acid
Which of the following substances protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation?
Keratin
Sebum
Perspiration
Melanin
Melanin
(See photo in the drop box)
Which of the following describes the function of the highlighted structure in this image?
It contains vocal cords essential for speech
It is a tube that connects the larynx and pharynx to the lungs
It transfers oxygen from the air to red blood cells
It filters, warms, and moistens air as it enters the body
It contains vocal cords essential for speech
The pleura is a connective tissue sheath that covers which of the following organs?
Heart
Liver
Spleen
Lung
Lung
In a phase diagram, which of the following is the term used for a substance held at a temperature and pressure where the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance exist simultaneously?
Absolute zero
Critical point
Triple point
Critical temperature
Triple point
In a certain plant, red flowers are dominant over white flowers. A plant heterozygous for red flowers and a plant with white flowers are crossed.
Which of the following is the expected proportion of phenotypes in the next generation?
1 red, 3 white
2 red, 2 white
3 red, 1 white
4 red, 0 white
2 red, 2 white
Which of the following physiological responses is caused by the release of anti-diuretic hormone?
Decrease in the concentration of calcium in the glomerulus
Increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct
Decrease in water reabsorption in the collecting duct
Increase in the concentration of calcium in the glomerulus
Increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct
Which of the following reasons explains why it is important for new scientific findings to be published?
Other scientists can validate or disprove the findings
Scientists will get paid if their findings are published,
Publishing findings will help scientists become more biased,
This prevents other scientists from performing similar tests.
Other scientists can validate or disprove the findings
Which of the following summarizes a change that takes place as a solid turns to a liquid?
Particles become less ordered.
Intermolecular forces between particles become stronger.
Particles have a decrease in mobility.
Particies move closer together.
Particles become less ordered
Which of the following is the process in which an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg?
Oogenesis
Ovulation
Fertilization
Menstruation
Ovulation
Which of the following indicates the function of sodium bicarbonate released by the pancreas?
Sodium bicarbonate stimulates the pyloric sphincter
Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chyme.
Sodium bicarbonate is a protease that digests carbohydrates.
Sodium bicarbonate inhibits peristalsis.
Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chyme.
Which of the following is the approximate threshold value for mammalian neurons?
0 mV
-80 mV
-55 mV
+35 mV
-55 mV
A myocardial infarction affects which of the following blood vessels of the heart?
Coronary
Vena cava
Pulmonary
Aorta
Coronary
Which of the following statements best supports the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer?
Cancerous and normal cells share genetic sequences.
Viruses and cancer cells both replicate rapidly.
Genes that regulate cell division are found in some viruses.
Cellular DNA has sequences related to viral sequences.
Genes that regulate cell division are found in some viruses.
See diagram
Which of the following endocrine organs in the diagram below is involved in regulating milk production following childbirth?
Pituitary gland
Adrenal glands
Ovaries
Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland
Which of the following can lead to a tsunami?
Flooding
Lightning strikes
Earthquakes
Sunspot activity
Earthquakes
To separate genomic DNA fragments by size, which of these laboratory methods is most useful?
Electrophoresis
Spectrophotometry
Filtration
Titration
Electrophoresis
Which of the following is the atomic number of an atom that has 12 protons and 12 neutrons?
144
24
12
1
12
Nitrogen gas is an extremely stable molecule because its structure contains which of the following?
Resonance bonds
Triple covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
lonic bonds
Triple covalent bonds
The cytoskeleton of a cell is comprised of which of the following molecules?
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Proteins
Proteins
Lithium has an atomic number of 3 and a mass number of 7. Which of the following is the number of protons in a lithium atom?
12
3
7
4
3
See diagram
Which of the following statements describes the body system image cardivascular system?
It aids in lowering CO2 levels in the blood
It aids in raising levels of clotting factors in the blood.
It aids in lowering oxygen levels in the blood.
it aids in raising hemoglobin leveis in the blood.
It aids in lowering CO2 leveis in the blood
Which of the following properties of water explains its solvent abilities for certain substances?
High surface tension
High specific heat
Kinetic energy of liquid water molecules
Polarity of water molecules
Polarity of water molecules
Which of the following is a mass within the ovary that secretes hormones to maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy?
Oviduct
Umbilical cord
Corpus luteum
Oocyte
Corpus luteum
Which of the following is the structure through which blood exits the glomerulus?
Distal tubule
Proximal tubule
Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
See diagram
In the following data table of an experiment carried out at 4° C (39.2” F) over 4 hours, which of the following options represents the dependent variable?
Temper ature
Duration
Sucrose concentrations
Bag mass change
Bag mass change
Testosterone is categorized as which of the following types of hormones?
Aldosterone
Androgen
Estrogen
Progestin
Androgen
Which of the following best describes the result of using a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
A greater amount of heat energy is released by the reaction.
The yield of product is increased.
The reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time.
A more desirable product is often formed
The reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time.
Which of the following types of cells produce and release antibodies?
Helper T-ceils
Cytotoxic T-cells
Plasma B cells
Natural killer cells
Plasma B cells
Which of the following is the main function of centrosomes in animal cells?
Organelle trafficking
Cytoplasm formation
Microtubule organization
Pathogen digestion
Microtubule organization
Which of the following organic molecules contain both an amine and carboxyl group?
Cellulose
Lipids
Chitin
Proteins
Proteins
Which of the following glands synthesizes antidiuretic hormone?
Thymus
Pineal gland
Hypothalamus
Pancreas
Hypothalamus
Which of the following ions binds to the troponin complex, initiating contraction of a muscle?
Calcium
Sodium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Calcium
Which of the following microorganisms lack their own metabolic pathways and can only reproduce inside of a host cell?
Bacteria
Viruses
Protozoa
Helminths
Viruses
In a hypertonic solution, water flows through aquaporins embedded in the plasma membrane of the cell. This type of transport is best known as
which of the following?
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Osmosis
See diagram
The measurement indicated by the line across the center of the cell is best referred to as which of the following?
Radius
Volume
Area
Diameter
Diameter
See diagram
Which structure of the female reproductive system is the source of the blood and mucosal tissue during menstruation? (You will find hot spots to select in the artwork below. Select only the hot spot that corresponds to your answer.)
A
B
C
D
B
In a plant in which fuzzy leaves (F) are dominant over smooth leaves (f), which of the following crosses will produce only offspring with smooth leaves?
FI x FI
FF x FF
ff x ff
Fí x tí
ff x ff
Which of the following chemicals is released by one type of immune cell to directly activate another type of immune cell?
Perforin
Lysozymes
Granzymes
Cytokines
Cytokines
Osteo porosis results from which of the following?
A decline in osteoclast activity while osteoblast activity continues at expected levels
A decline in osteoblast activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels
An increase in osteocyte activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels
An increase in osteocyte activity while osteoblast activity continues at expected levels
A decline in osteoblast activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels
Hikers who found a human body at high altitude in the Italian Alps thought the man had died recently, but tests indicated he was shot with an arrow more than 5,300 years ago. Which of the following would be the best reason for prolonged preservation of the body?
The ultraviolet rays at such a high altitude caused all the body’s molecules to be preserved.
The arrow wound caused blood to flow out of the body, which led the enzymes that would break down tissue to be cleared from the body.
The food that the person ate contained toxins that killed the bacteria that would have otherwise destroyed the body.
The body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found
The body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found
Which of the following is a group that can be measured against the experimental group?
Manipulated
Control
Variable
Responding
Control
Which of the following vesseis carries oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary vein
inferior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Which of the following is the function of a totipotent cell?
Develops into any kind of cell
Fights infectious diseases
Alds in the maturation of sex cells
Carries electrical impulses
Develops into any kind of cell
Which of the following are used to determine a person’s DNA sequence?
Hormones
Enzymes
Blood types
Genes
Genes
See diagram
A group of students perform an experiment to test terminal velocity. which is the greatest speed obtained by a falling object. The students dropped different numbers of coffee filters and measured the resulting terminal velocity. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data in the following data table?
Terminal velocity is when the force of gravity is equal to air resistance.
Heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects.
The greater the number of filters, the smaller the terminal velocity
Heavier objects take more time to reach terminal velocity.
Terminal velocity is when the force of gravity is equal to air resistance.
