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Science > Science V1 > Flashcards

Science V1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is the function of a totipotent cell?

•
Carries electrical impulses
Develops into any kind of cell
Aids in the maturation of sex cells
Fights infectious diseases

A

Develops into any kind of cell

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2
Q

Which of the following is correct regarding the pH scale?
-………….
A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more alkaline than a substance with a pH of 4.
A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 4.
A substance with a pH of 3 is two times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 4.
A substance with a pH of 3 is two times more alkaline than a substance with a pH of 4.

A

A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 4.

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3
Q

Which of the following functions does the myelin sheath perform for a nerve cell?
Insulation
Regeneration
Sensory perception
Nutrition

A

Insulation

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4
Q

Which of the following summarizes a change that takes place as a solid turns to a liquid?

Particles have a decrease in mobility.
Intermolecular forces between particles become stronger.
Particles become less ordered.
Particles move closer together.

A

Particles become less ordered

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5
Q

To accurately measure the density of a series of small irregular solids made of plastic, wood, fiberglass, and glass, a student will need which of the following laboratory tools?
Graduated cylinder, spectrophotometer, water
Graduated beaker, metric ruler, water
Weighing balance, Bunsen burner, metric ruler
Graduated cylinder, water, weighing balance

A

Graduated cylinder, water, weighing balance

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6
Q

Which of the following classes of biological molecules includes enzymes?
Lipids
Protein
Vitamins
Carbohydrates

A

Proteins

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7
Q

Which of the following best describes the result of using a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
The reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time.
A more desirable product is often formed.
A greater amount of heat energy is released by the reaction.
The yield of product is increased.

A

The reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time.

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8
Q

A patient goes to the doctor with a cold and sore throat and asks for antibiotics. The doctor refuses to prescribe antibiotics to the patient because the illness is caused by which of the following pathogens?
Virus
Bacteria
Protist
Fungus

A

Virus

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9
Q

In which of the following regions of the body are the tibia and fibula?

Coxal
Antecubital|
Crural
Tarsal

A

Crural

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10
Q

Which of the following actions allows for repolarization of a neuron?

The closing of both sodium and potassium channels to restrict movement of ions into and out of the neuron
The inhibition of sodium and potassium pumps, stopping all ion movement into the neuron
The opening of potassium channels, allowing potassium to leave the neuron
The opening of sodium channels, allowing sodium to enter the neuron

A

The opening of potassium channels, allowing potassium to leave the neuron

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11
Q

Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data?
(See diagram)
The greater the mass of an object, the faster it will fall.
Air resistance is greater for A than for B.
Objects A and B will fall at the same rate.
The time of fall is independent of the mass of the object.

A

Resistance is grading for A than for B

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12
Q

Which of the following properties does soap, an emulsifier, have that make it useful for washing dirt off one’s hands with water?
Soap’s enzymatic action helps to dissolve grime into smaller particles.
Soap’s dual polar and nonpolar nature helps bond oil and water.
Soap’s acidity causes grime to precipitate into the water.
Soap’s rough texture physically scours grime off surfaces.

A

Soap’s dual polar and nonpolar nature helps bond oil and water.

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13
Q

Which of the following is an efferent neuron that is responsible for releasing a neurotransmitter that stimulates a muscle cell to contract?

Sensory neuron
Motor neuron
Neuroglia
Interneuron

A

Motor neuron

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14
Q

Which of the following correctly orders structures from simple to complex?
Cells, tissues, atoms, organs
Organs, tissues, cells, atoms
Atoms, organs, tissues, cells
Atoms, cells, tissues, organs

A

Atoms, cells, tissues, organs

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15
Q

Which of the following describes a genetic mutation that results in uncontrolled division of a single cell within the body?
Translation
Cancer
Gene therapy
Stem cell

A

Cancer

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16
Q

Which of the following substances is excreted by sweat glands in response to the breakdown of proteins and the formation of ammonia?

Urea
Lysozymes
Water
Sebum

A

Urea

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17
Q

The mitochondrial inner membrane carries out the same function in cellular respiration as the membrane of chloroplasts in photosynthesis.
Which of the following correctly completes the sentence above?
thylakoid
tonoplast
nuclear
epithelial

A

thylakoid

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18
Q

The covalent bonds between the monomers of an enzyme macromolecule are
glycosidic bonds.
peptide bonds.
phosphodiester bonds.
ester bonds.

A

Peptide bonds

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19
Q

Which of the following layers of skin lack blood vessels?
Reticular
Hypodermis
Epidermis
Papillary

A

Epidermis

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20
Q

Experiments cannot validate hypotheses, only falsify them.
The statement above can be restated in which of the following ways?
Proving a hypothesis exempts it from further testing.
A hypothesis that has not been falsified remains provisional.
Certain concepts cannot be subjected to direct experimentation.
Until disproved, an explanation for an observation is valid.

A

A hypothesis that has not been falsified remains provisional

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21
Q

Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Chloroplast
Cell membrane
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Cell membrane

22
Q

If a portion of a strand of DNA bases reads 5’ AGCTAGCGT 3’, what would the sequence of bases on the complementary strand read?
• •
5’ UCGAUCGCA 3’
3’ AGCTAGCGT 5’
3’ TCGATCGCA 5’
5’ TCGUTCGCU 3’

A

3’ TCGATCGCA 5’

23
Q

How many times stronger is the hydrogen-ion concentration of a pH 4 solution as compared with a pH 9 solution?
0.000001
50
100,000
5

A

100,000

24
Q

An individual suffers severe blunt trauma to the thoracic cavity. Which of the following organs are at greatest risk from this injury?
Brain and spinal cord
Heart and lungs
Liver and stomach
Large and small intestines

A

Heart and lungs

25
Q

See diagram
Which of the following growth curves shows a population that is at its carrying capacity?
A
B
C
D

A

B

26
Q

A researcher wants to gather data on the average wing strength of all birds found in the American Northwest. The researcher only has one small net, so all large birds were excluded from the study. The researcher’s results were different than expected, but he believes his data include enough birds to estimate the strength of all birds.
For which of the following reasons should this data be rejected?
Data cannot be displayed graphically
Data were different than expected.
Data are biased by the methodology.
Data contradict the control group.

A

Data are biased by the methodology.

27
Q

Which of the following terms describes the relaxation of the chambers of the heart during the cardiac cycle?
Diastole
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
Diastole

A

Diastole

28
Q

Which of the following structures is an exocrine gland?
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Parathyroid gland
Parotid gland

A

Parotid gland

29
Q

A researcher writes a grant proposal to repeat an experiment that was recently published by another researcher. Which of the following statements best supports the grant proposal?
Repeating published work with changed variables will extend the previous results.
Funding this grant proposal will allow this laboratory to continue to study this topic.
Repeating the published work will provide independent confirmation of the results.
Funding this important research will benefit science in the long term.

A

Repeating published work with changed variables will extend the previous results.

30
Q

Which of the following is the process in which an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg?
Oogenesis
Ovulation
Menstruation
Fertilization

A

Ovulation

31
Q

Which of the following organs filters excess solutes from the blood?
Gallbladder
Kidney
Stomach
Spleen

A

Kidney

32
Q

Which of the following occurs in an oxidation reaction?
Removal of electrons
Removal of oxygen
Addition of neutrons
Addition of carbon

A

Removal of electrons

33
Q

Which of the following tools can be used to measure the turbidity of a liquid by measuring the transmission of light through the sample?

Spectrophotometer
Electrophorometer
Microdensitometer
Centrifuge

A

Spectrophotometer

34
Q

Genetic information describing the characteristics of an organism is found in which of the following?
Nuclei
Membranes
Ribosomes
Cilia

A

Nuclei

35
Q

For which of the following reasons does a chloride ion have a negative charge?

It lost an electron.
It lost a proton.
It gained an electron.
It gained a proton.

A

It gained an electron

36
Q

Which of the following is a function of bone?

Production of otoliths
Secretion of hormones
Detoxification of alcohol
Storage of minerals

A

Storage of minerals

37
Q

A study found two processes, Process A and Process B, to be correlated. Which of the following is true for these processes?
The study cannot indicate whether Process A and B have a negative relationship.
The study indicates that Process A causes Process B.
The study cannot indicate whether Process A and B have a positive relationship.
The study does not indicate a causal relationship between the processes.

A

The study does not indicate a causal relationship between the processes.

38
Q

Which of the following is a component of the integumentary system that secretes pheromones?
Apocrine gland
Dermal papilla
Seminiferous tubule
Fossa ovalis

A

Apocrine gland

39
Q

Hikers who found a human body at high altitude in the Italian Alps thought the man had died recently, but tests indicated he was shot with an arrow more than 5,300 years ago. Which of the following would be the best reason for prolonged preservation of the body?
.. •
• The arrow wound caused blood to flow out of the body, which led the enzymes that would break down tissue to be cleared from the body.
The body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found.
The ultraviolet rays at such a high altitude caused all the body’s molecules to be preserved.
The food that the person ate contained toxins that killed the bacteria that would have otherwise destroyed the body.

A

The body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found.

40
Q

Emphysema caused by damage to alveoli from toxins and pollutants is likely to result in the body having difficulty performing which of the
following actions?
Absorbing food
Releasing histamine and acetylcholine
Producing enzymes
Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide

41
Q

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the substance exists as which of the following?

As a gel with solid and liquid trapped in gas
As a sol with gas and solid trapped in liquid
Simultaneously in sol, gel, and plasma phases
Simultaneously in solid, liquid, and gas phases

A

Simultaneously in solid, liquid, and gas phases

42
Q

Which of the following substances is responsible for donating H+ ions to act as a buffer when blood pH rises?
Carbonic acid
Oxygen
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide

A

Carbonic acid

43
Q

Parasitic worm infestation is hypothesized to be damaging to the host. However, scientists have recently discovered that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders. In which of the following ways should the hypothesis be modified, given the new findings?
Worm infestation prevents the body from immune malfunction.
Lack of worm infestations is the cause of some autoimmune disorders.
Worm infestations exacerbate the body’s immune reactions.
Worm infestation reduces the severity of certain autoimmune disorders.

A

Worm infestation reduces the severity of certain autoimmune disorders.

44
Q

If a mother’s ____cell contains mutated DNA, this mutation can be passed to her offspring.
Which of the following options correctly completes the sentence above?

white blood
somatic
germ

A

Germ

45
Q

Lipids absorbed in the small intestine will first enter which of the following structures?
Lacteal vessels
Interstitial spaces
Veins
Arteries

A

Lacteal vessels

46
Q

Which of the following processes causes most of the carbon dioxide from the blood to move into the alveoli?
Diffusion down a concentration gradient
Conversion to carbon monoxide
Active transport using energy
Passive transport using carrier proteins

A

Diffusion down a concentration gradient

47
Q

Which of the following immune system molecules creates holes in the cell membranes of their target cells in order to destroy the cell?
Lymphotoxins
Interferons
Perforins
Cytokines

A

Perforins

48
Q

An organism with an unknown genotype is crossed with another organism that shows the recessive trait (aa). The Punnett square above shows the results. Which of the following is the unknown genotype?
AA
Aa
aa
a

A

Aa

49
Q

Which of the following is a protein present in blood plasma?
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Platelets
Fibrinogens

A

Fibrinogens

50
Q

Both digestion and absorption happen in which of the following parts of the digestive system?
Small Intestine
Esophagus
Gallbladder
Stomach

A

Small intestine

Science (5 decks)

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