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Science > Science V2 > Flashcards

Science V2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following allows the AIDS virus, which contains RNA, to insert viral DNA into the DNA of a host T-cell after the AIDS virus enters the cell?
Reverse transcriptase, an enzyme encoded by the virus.
The phospholipids found on the envelope of the virus.
Receptor proteins located on the surface of the virus.
The protein that makes up the capsid of the virus.

A

Reverse transcriptase, an enzyme encoded by the virus.

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2
Q

Hikers who found a human body at high altitude in the Italian Alps thought the man had died recently, but tests indicated he was shot with an arrow more than 5,300 years ago. Which of the following would be the best reason for prolonged preservation of the body?
The body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found.
The ultraviolet rays at such a high altitude caused all the body’s molecules to be preserved.
The arrow wound caused blood to flow out of the body, which led the enzymes that would break down tissue to be cleared from the body.
The food that the person ate contained toxins that killed the bacteria that would have otherwise destroyed the body.

A

The body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found.

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3
Q

Which of the following is the function of a totipotent cell?
Carries electrical impulses
Fights infectious diseases
Aids in the maturation of sex cells
Develops into any kind of cell

A

Develops into any kind of cell

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4
Q

Which of the following properties of water explains its solvent abilities for certain substances?
Polarity of water molecules
High surface tension
High specific heat
Kinetic energy of liquid water molecules

A

Polarity of water molecules

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5
Q

Which of the following indicates the function of sodium bicarbonate released by the pancreas?
Sodium bicarbonate is a protease that digests carbohydrates.
Sodium bicarbonate inhibits peristalsis.
Sodium bicarbonate stimulates the pyloric sphincter.
Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chyme.

A

Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chyme.

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6
Q

Which of the following chemicals is released by one type of immune cell to directly activate another type of immune cell?

Granzymes
Periorin
Lysozymes
Cytokines

A

Cytokines

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7
Q

Testosterone is categorized as which of the following types of hormones?
Androgen
Aldosterone
Estrogen
Progestin

A

Androgen

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8
Q

Which of the following are used to determine a person’s DNA sequence?
Genes
Blood types
Enzymes
Hormones

A

Genes

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9
Q

In a phase diagram, which of the following is the term used for a substance held at a temperature and pressure where the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance exist simultaneously?
Absolute zero
Critical temperature
Triple point
Critical point

A

triple point

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10
Q

In a hypertonic solution, water flows through aquaporins embedded in the plasma membrane of the cell. This type of transport is best known as which of the following?
Diffusion
Active transport
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis

A

Osmosis

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11
Q

Which of the following substances is responsible for donating H+ ions to act as a buffer when blood pH rises?
Carbon monoxide
Carbonic acid
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen

A

Carbonic acid

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12
Q

Which of the following glands synthesizes antidiuretic hormone?
Thymus
Pancreas
Pineal gland
Hypothalamus

A

Hypothalamus

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13
Q

In a certain plant, red flowers are dominant over white flowers. A plant heterozygous for red flowers and a plant with white flowers are crossed.
Which of the following is the expected proportion of phenotypes in the next generation?
4 red, 0 white
3 red, 1 white
2 red, 2 white
1 red. 3 white

A

2 red 2 white

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14
Q

Which of the following are the two major parts of the nervous system?
Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system
Autonomic nervous system and central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system and somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

A

Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system

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15
Q

Which of the following is a mass within the ovary that secretes hormones to maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy?
Oocyte
Corpus luteum
Oviduct
Umbilical cord

A

Corpus luteum

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16
Q

A myocardial infarction affects which of the following blood vessels of the heart?
Pulmonary
Aorta
Vena cava
Coronary

A

Coronary

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17
Q

Which of the following substances protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation?
Melanin
Perspiration
Keratin
Sebum

A

Melanin

18
Q

Which of the following physiological responses is caused by the release of anti-diuretic hormone?
Decrease in the concentration of calcium in the giomerulus
Decrease in water reabsorption in the collecting duct
Increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct
Increase in the concentration of calcium in the glomerulus

A

Increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct

19
Q

Which of the following best describes the result of using a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
The yield of product is increased.
A greater amount of heat energy is released by the reaction.
A more desirable product is often formed
The reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time.

A

The reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time.

20
Q

Which of the following is the approximate threshold value for mammalian neurons?
+35 mV
-55 mV
-80 mV
0 mV

A

-55 mV

21
Q

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary vein

A

Pulmonary vein

22
Q

The cytoskeleton of a cell is comprised of which of the following macromolecules?

Nudeic acids
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates

A

Proteins

23
Q

Which of the following types of cells produce and release antibodies?

Plasma B cells
Helper T-cells
Cytotoxic T-cells
Natural killer celis

A

Plasma B cells

24
Q

To separate genomic DNA Tragments by size, which of these laboratory methods is most useful?
Spectrophater
Electrophoresis
Titration
Filtration

A

Electrophoresis

25
Q

In a plant in which fuzzy leaves (F) are dominant over smooth leaves (f), which of the following crosses will produce only offspring with smooth
H xH
FF x FF
FIx ff
ff x ff

A

ff x ff

26
Q

Which of the following is a group that can be measured against the experimental group?
Responding
control
Manipulated
Variable

A

Control

27
Q

Which of the following is the atomic number of an atom that has 12 protons and 12 neutrons?
24
144
12
1

A

12

28
Q

Which of the following is the process in which an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg?
Fertilization
Oogenesis
Ovulation
Menstruation

A

Ovulation

29
Q

Lithium has an atomic number of 3 and a mass number of 7. Which of the following is the number of protons in a lithium atom?
12
3
7
4

A

3

30
Q

Which of the following is the structure through which blood exits the glomerulus?
Efferent arteriole
Afferent arteriole
Proximal tubule
Distal tubule

A

Efferent arteriole

31
Q

Which of the following reasons explains why it is important for new scientific findings to be published?
Scientists will get paid if their findings are published.
This prevents other scientists from performing similar tests.
Other scientists can validate or disprove the findings.
Publishing findings will help scientists become more biased.

A

Other scientists can validate or disprove the findings.

32
Q

Which of the following is the main function of centrosomes in animal cells?
Cytoplasm formation
Organelle trafficking
Microtubule organization
Pathogen digestion

A

Microtubule organization

33
Q

Which of the following statements best supports the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer?
Genes that regulate cell division are found in some viruses.
Viruses and cancer cells both replicate rapidly.
Cancerous and normal cells share genetic sequences.
Celular DNA has sequences related to viral sequences.

A

Genes that regulate cell division are found in some viruses.

34
Q

Osteoporosis results from which of the following?
An increase in osteocyte activity while osteoblast activity continues at expected levels
An increase in osteocyte activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels
A decline in osteoblast activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels
A decline in osteoclast activity while osteoblast activity continues at expected levels

A

A decline in osteoblast activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels

35
Q

The pleura is a connective tissue sheath that covers which of the following organs?
Liver
Spleen
Heart
Lung

A

Lung

36
Q

Nitrogen gas is an extremely stable molecule because its structure contains which of the following?
lonic bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Triple covalent bonds
Resonance bonds

A

Triple covalent bonds

37
Q

Which of the following ions binds to the troponin complex, initiating contraction of a muscle?
Phosphorus
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium

A

Calcium

38
Q

Which of the following organic molecules contain both an amine and carboxyl group?
Proteins
Lipids
Cellulose
Chitin

A

Proteins

39
Q

Which of the following summarizes a change that takes place as a solid turns to a liquid?
intermolecular forces between particles become stronger,
Particles have a decrease in mobility.
Particles move closer together.
Particles become less ordered.

A

Particles become less ordered

40
Q

See diagram
A group of students perform an experiment to test terminal velocity. which is the greatest speed obtained by a falling object. The students dropped different numbers of coffee filters and measured the resulting terminal velocity. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data in the following data table?
Terminal velocity is when the force of gravity is equal to air resistance.
The greater the number of filters, the smaller the terminal velocity.
Heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects.
Heavier objects take more time to reach terminal velocity.

A

Terminal velocity is when the force of gravity is equal to air resistance.

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