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lock in > Science Unit 7 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN LIVING THINGS > Flashcards

Science Unit 7 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN LIVING THINGS Flashcards

1
Q

Why is there a need for trasporting substances in humans and plants?

A
  • Many of the millions of cells that make up humans and plants do not have direct contact with the surrounding environment, thus they may not be able to obtain useful substance or remove waste substance FAST ENOUGH through simple diffusion.
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2
Q

What are the two types of circulation?

A
  • Pulmonary Circulation (Blood flowing between the heart and the lungs)
  • Systematic Circulation (Blood flowing between heart and the rest of the body)
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3
Q

Characteristics of the Blood Vessels:

A
  • Three types of blood vessels: Artery, Capillary and Vein.
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3
Q

Characteristics of the Heart:

A
  • A funnel-shaped, hollow and powerful muscular organ.
  • Responsible for pumping blood to all parts of the body.
  • Valves found in the heart ensures that blood flows in only one direction in the heart. (or else itll disrupt)
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4
Q

What does the capillaries do?

A
  • It serves as the site of exchange of substances such as Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Waste substances and Nutrients.
  • The highly branched and thin-walled capillaries allow the efficient exchange of substances between the blood and the tissue cells through diffusion.
  • Oxygen and nutrients diffuse FROM the capillaries into the tissue cells.
  • Carbon Dioxide and waste substances diffuse FROM the capillaries into the tissue cells.
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4
Q

What does the Artery do?

A
  • It carries blood away from the heart
  • Most arteries carry blood rich in oxygen, rich in nutrients + poor in waste substances, poor in carbon dioxide from the heart to the rest of the body.
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5
Q

What do the veins do?

A
  • They carry blood towards the heart
  • Most veins return blood poor in oxygen and nutrients + rich in carbon dioxide and waste substances back to the heart
  • They have valves to ensure that blood flows in only one direction
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5
Q

The 4 components of blood:

A
  • Red blood cells
  • Platelets
  • Blood plasma
  • White blood cells
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6
Q

Definition of the Circulatory system:

A

When blood flows in one complete circulation in the body, it passes through the heart twice. Hence, the human circulatory system circulatory system is also called the double circulation.

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6
Q

Characteristics of the Red Blood cell

A
  • Contains haemoglobin for the efficient transportation of oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.
  • Carries small amounts of carbon dioxide for its removal
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7
Q

What is the lumen

A

The cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ

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8
Q

Comparison of Lumen between the three types of blood vessels:

A

Arteries: Smaller
Capillary: Very narrow
Vein: Larger

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8
Q

Comparison of Muscle wall between the three types of blood vessels:

A

Arteries: Thicker
Capillary: Very-thin
Vein: Thinner

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9
Q

Comparison of the pressure of blood between the three types of blood vessels:

A

Arteries: High
Capillary: Lower
Vein: Lowest

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10
Q

Comparison of the presence of valves between the three types of blood vessels:

A

Arteries: No
Capillary: No
Vein: Yes

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11
Q

Definition of Diffusion:

A

Diffusion is the net movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration to achieve equillibrium.

11
Q

What are some special features living things have to increase total surface area for an increased rate of diffusion of substances?

A
  • Elongated structure of a root hair cell
  • Biconcave shape of red blood cells
12
Q

Characteristics of Diffusion

A
  • Diffusion occurs naturally without the requirement of energy
  • The diffusion of one type of substance is not affected by the concentration of other types (e.g Oxygen and Carbon dioxide diffuse according to their own differences in concentrations between blood and tissue cells)
13
Q

Characteristics of blood flowing from the artery to the blood capillary?

A
  • Higher concentration of Oxygen and Nutrients
  • Lower concentration of Carbon Dioxide and Waste Substances.
14
Q

Explain the exchange of substances in capillaries in humans:

A

The exchange of Substances between the Blood in the Capillary and Tissue cells take place through Diffusion.

Oxygen+Nutrients DIFFUSE OUT of the blood and INTO the Tissue cells. (Higher concentration -> Lower concentration)

Carbon Dioxide and Waste Substances DIFFUSE OUT of the Tissue cell and INTO the blood.

15
Q

Definition of Stomata in a Plant:

A
  • The stomata are tiny openings on the leaves of a plant that serve as the primary sites for the exchange of gases through diffusion -> Water vapour, Carbon dioxide, Oxygen.
16
Q

How does the Xylem ensure that there is a continuous flow of these salts from the soil into the roots?

A
  • It transports mineral salts away from the root cells once they diffuse into the Xylem, hence resulting in a consistent lower concentrationy of mineral salts compared to the soil once more -> Thus facilitating the uptake of mineral salts by the plants through diffusion.
17
Q

Definition of Osmosis:

A

The net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a partially permeable membrane.

18
Q

Definition of a partially permeable membrane:

A

A membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through it

19
Q

Artificial forms of partially permeable membranes in the lab:

A
  • Visking tubing
  • Cellophane bags
20
Q

How to describe Osmosis:

A

When the water concentration is higher in A than in B, water molecules move from A to B by osmosis.

21
Q

Why isn’t the movement of water from the Xylem to the rest of the plant considered osmosis?

A
  • The Xylem is a hollow tube that does not have the presence of a partially permeable cell membrane, which is required for Osmosis to take place.
22
Q

How does drug abuse affect the Nervous System? (Brain)

A
  • Memory Loss
  • Slower reactions
  • Hallucination
23
Q

How does drug abuse affect the Digestive System? (All organs involved in the system)

A
  • Liver damage
  • Stomach ulcer
  • Higher risk of Mouth and Throat cancer
24
Q

How does drug abuse affect the Respiratory System? (Lungs)

A
  • Lung cancer
  • Emphysema
24
Q

How does drug abuse affect the Reproductive system?

A
  • Infertility
25
Q

How does drug abuse affect the Circulatory system?

A
  • Increase heartbeat
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Higher risk of heart attack or strokelk,m
26
Q

Example of living things that involve Diffusion:

A
  • Exchange of substances in capillaries in humans
  • Exchange of
27
Q

Why do Arteries need thicker muscular wall?

A
  • The blood leaving the heart in the Arteries are pumped very forcefully thus the walls need to be thicker to support the high pressure.

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