Science Unit 6 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 1

Living things require food to:

Answer 1

• Provide them energy to do work
• Maintain a healthy body
• Grow new cells and tissues
• Repair worn-out tissues

Question 2

The three main classes of food:

Answer 2

Fats, Carbohydrates, Proteins

Question 3

Function and Example of a Carbohydrate

Answer 3

• Provides a primary source of energy for various activities (e.g Growth and Movement)
• Example: Rice, Potatoes, Pasta, Biscuit, Noodles

Question 4

Function and Example of a Fat

Answer 4

• Provides twice the amount of energy compared to carbohydrates of the same mass
• Stored under the skin to insulate the body from excessive heat loss

Example -> Butter, Cooking Oil, Tuna

Question 5

Function and Example of a Protein

Answer 5

• Aids the growth of new cells and tissues
• Repair previously damaged tissues
• Serves as a source of energy when Carbs and Fats are unavailable

Example -> Milk, Fish, Egg

Question 6

Definition of Digestion:

Answer 6

The breaking down of large and complex undigested food substances into small and simple digested food substances.

Question 7

Fun fact on Small Intestine:

Answer 7

The cell membrane of tissue cells in the intestinal walls is partially permeable.

Question 8

After action of enzymes, Carbohydrates become?

Answer 8

Glucose

Question 9

After action of enzymes, Fats become?

Answer 9

Glucerol and Fatty Acids

Question 10

After action of enzymes, Proteins become?

Answer 10

Amino Acids

Question 11

What are the two types of Digestion?

Answer 11

• Physical Digestion
• Chemical Digestion

Question 12

What is Physical Digestion, What is it’s purpose and Where does it occur?

Answer 12

• It is the physical breakdown of large food chunks to smaller pieces to increase the surface area for further digestion.
• No new products are formed since the chemical properties of food substances remain the same.
• Chewing action (Mouth)
• Churning action (Stomach)

Question 13

What is Chemical Digestion, What is it’s purpose and Where does it occur?

Answer 13

• A process where large and complex food substances are chemically broken down into small and simpler food substances that can enter the bloodstream through the intestinal wall.
• Starch (Mouth & Gullet)
• Proteins (Stomach)
• Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats (Small Intestine)

Question 14

What are Proteases and what do they do

Answer 14

• They speed up the breakdown of proteins into amino acids.

Protein -> Proteases -> Amino Acids

Question 15

Definition of Enzymes:

Answer 15

They are biological molecules that are made of special types of proteins that speed up the rate of chemical digestion

Question 15

Why do each enzyme only act on one type of substance.

Question 16

What are Carbohydrases and what do they do:

Answer 16

• Carbohydrases speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugars.

Carbohydrates -> Carbohydrases -> Simple Sugars

Question 16

What are Lipases and what do they do

Answer 16

• Lipases speed up the breakdown of fats (or lipids) into fatty acids and glycerol.

Fats (Lipids) -> Lipases -> Fatty Acids & Glycerol

Question 16

What is the name of the food substance in which can Enzyme acts on?

Answer 16

The substrate

Question 16

What is the Human Digestive System:

Answer 16

It is made up of coiled, muscular tube called the alimentary canal (gut)

Question 17

Organs that make up the ailmentary canal (digestive system):

Answer 17

Mouth, Gullet, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum and Anus

Question 18

Another name for Digestive system

Answer 18

Ailmentary canal

Question 19

Function of Saliva

Answer 19

• To soften and lubricate the food for easier swallowing.
• Provide a neutral environment for carbohydrases to function properly

Question 20

What type of digestive enzyme is found in the saliva in the mouth

Answer 20

Carbohydrases partially dugest starch

Question 21

Definition of the gullet

Answer 21

A muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach

Question 22

Definition of the Stomach

Answer 22

It is a sac-like muscular organ that lies in the upper part of the abdomen.

Question 23

What are the 3 types of gastric juices secreted in the stomach (HMP)

Answer 23

- Hydrochloric acid - Mucus - Proteases

Question 24

What are the chemical and physical digestion that occur in the stomach?

Answer 24

- Physical digestion: A churning action to break food into smaller pieces, mixes food with gastric juices. - Chemical digestion: An enzyme called proteases digest protein to get Amino acids

Question 25

Function of hydrochloric acid (Stomach)

Answer 25

- To kill bacteria in the food - Provides acid environment for proteases to work well

Question 26

3 types of environment for the 3 types of digestive enzymes to work well:

Answer 26

- Carbohydrases: Neutral environment - Lipases: Neutral environment - Proteases: Acidic environment

Question 27

Function of mucus (Stomach)

Answer 27

- Prevents hydrochloric acid and proteases from damaging the tissues.

Question 28

What is the key thing that happens in the small intestine?

Answer 28

Chemical digestion of all classes of food takes place here (Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins)

Question 29

What is in the digestive juice in the small intestine:

Answer 29

- Secretionmany enzymes such as carbohydrases, proteases and lipases happens here.

Question 30

________ of _________ only takes place in the small intestine.

Answer 30

Chemical digestion of fats only takes place in the small intestine.

Question 31

Which 2 organs facilitate the digestion of fats?

Answer 31

- The liver - The gall bladder Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.

Question 32

What does the rectum do?

Answer 32

- Stores faeces

Question 32

Length of small intestine:

Answer 32

6 meters. It enhances the efficiency and surface area for complete digestion to take place.

Question 33

What does bile do?

Answer 33

- It is produced in the liver - It is not an enzyme - It breaks up fat molecules into fat globules.

Question 34

Length of large intestine:

Answer 34

1.4 meters. It enhances process for waste management and hydration balance in the body.

Question 35

Order of Digestive organs:

Answer 35

Mouth, Gullet, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus

Question 36

What does the anus do?

Answer 36

- Removes faeces through a hole, this process is known as egestion

Question 37

What is type 1 diabetes:

Answer 37

Body produces insufficient insulin

Question 38

What is type 2 diabetes:

Answer 38

Body does not respond properly to insulin

Question 39

What are some risk factors associated with Diabetes:

Answer 39

- Obesity - High Blood Pressure - Kidney Problems - Risk of heart attack - Risk of stroke

Question 40

Symptoms of Diabetes:

Answer 40

- Blurred vision - Slow healing of wounds - Frequent urination - Unexplained weight lose - Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet - Constant hunger

Question 41

Ways to reduce the risk of Diabetes:

Answer 41

- Exercise regularly - Eat a balanced healthy diet (Following healthy plate -> Less salt and saturate dfats, more wholegrain and vegetables) - Avoid smoking or drinking - Have a regular health screening - Use a blood sugar meter to monitor blood sugar levels in the body

Question 42

What is the definition of Constipation:

Answer 42

It occurs when faeces move too slowly through the large intestines, leading to excessive water absorbtion -> Results in dry, hard faeces that may be hard to pass

Question 42

What are the two life-threatening diseases caused by bacteria

Answer 42

- Cholera - Salmonella

Question 42

What is the definition of Gastric pain:

Answer 42

A painful swelling or inflammation of the Stomach lining (Symptoms: Bloating, Nausea, Upper abdominal pain)

Question 43

What is Enzyme Amylase?

Answer 43

Carbohydrases (Digests starch)

Question 43

What are the benefits of good bacteria?

Answer 43

- Fight off certain diseases - Absorb nutrients & Mineral salts - Produce certain enzymes, vitamins and amino acids