Geography : Transport Systems and where they are found Flashcards
What is the Function of a Transport system (3 Cs):
- Connects people from one place to another.
- Creates Opportunities for social conversations and activities.
- Creates Opportunities for economic activities and development.
What are the 3 elements that make up transport systems (NIM)
- Network
- Infrastructure (for)
- Modes (of)
Definition of a node:
One node represents one location
Definition of a Route:
A route represents the path of travel between the nodes (locations)
Definition of Network Density:
The number of nodes and routes in a location
(The higher the amount of nodes and routes, the higher the density)
What is a Transport Network made out of?
Sets of nodes and routes
How is a dense transport network beneficial? (EEP)
- Easier for people to travel between locations
- Easier for people to participate in various activities
- Possible for people to be more independent (greater mobility)
Example of Local node and route:
Node: A bus station
Route: Roads a bus travels on
Example of Regional node and route:
Node: Inter-city (two or more cities) bus interchange
Route: Roads and rail lines
The three different scales of nodes and routes (smallest to biggest):
- Local
- Regional
- Global
Example of Global node and route:
Nodes: Airport
Route: Shipping lines and Air routes
What forms a good transport infradtructure (rrwbbsit)
It should contain various components
e.g
- Roads
- Railways
- Walkways
- Bridges
- Bicycle lanes
- Signage
- Information systems (update arrival times)
- Ticketing system
Definition of the Quality of Transport Infrastructure:
The quality of its infrastructure determines how well and how reliably a transport system performs
The 4 types of Transport Modes:
Variety in transport modes offer a range of journeys
- Fixed routes and stops [Public bus]
- Fixed schedules [Trains]
- Point to point services (non-stop) [chartered bus]
- Customised services [taxi]
What does good quality transport do
It ensures the efficiency of the movement of goods and people
What is encouraged in cities for modes of transport? (for what reason?)
- Non-motorised modes such as bicycle and foot. Reason:
-> They reduce environmental footprints (less vehicular emissions)
-> Improve the general health of the population - Car sharing and bike sharing schemes
What are the 5 Indicators of quality transport infrastructure: (cccef)
- Capacity
- Convenience
- Coverage
- Environmental sustainability
- Frequency
Definition of Terminal:
A terminal is a facility where passengers or goods either originate or terminate in the transportation process.
Definition of Interchange:
An interchange is an important point of transfer within or between transportation networks of different nodes of transportation.
2 major transport nodes:
- Terminal stations
- Terminal interchanges
What is the purpose of a terminal interchange?
To ensure that there is ease of movement and continuity for passengers
Where are major transport nodes often found?
In areas with a high concentration of activities and have good local accessibility
Difference in modes of transport used by People vs Goods
People -> Trains, buses, airplanes, subways
Goods -> Ships, trucks, trains, airplanes
What are the 4 important services offered by cities?
- Banking
- Manufacturing
- Education
- Retail
(Transport nodes are often located near such services to allow for more people to access them)
Example in Singapore on the areas where transport is most common (MRT)->(CBD)
Mass Rapid Transport stations are concentrated around the Central Business District.
Function definition of Nodes:
Nodes are major access points for people to connect for employment, services, and access to tourist destination
Reasons why transport systems are located in cities:
People need transport systems to facilitate movement within a city
Definition of Places with accessibility:
The ease of reaching destinations or activities within a given time and cost.
Example of location with low vs location with high accesibility
Bishan MRT is more accessible than Mayflower MRT. Bishan MRT (connected to NSL+CCL) -> Mayflower (Only connected to TEL)
Bishan located centrally in Singapore while Mayflower is a more niche location.
What are two important variables that determine how people choose a transport mode:
- Time
- Cost
What is the problem of uneven distribution:
Due to differences in population size, resources and topography, the movement of resources from one location to another (through transport systems) fixes the problem of uneven distribution.
3 ways resources (people, products and capital) are moved
- Commuting (Regular travel from work and back to residence)
- Trading (Movement of goods and services)
- Migration (Moving places)
Reasons why commuting exists and is essential:
Typically, work opportunities are concentrared in the city centre while affordable housing is found further away
How does transport systems come into play in helping commuting:
Time taken and cost of commuting are main factors that people use to determine whether they accept an emplyment opportunity or not
Public transport systems provide greater access to social activities and amenities (helps in emotional and social well-being of the population)
Example of transport systems helping the movement of people:
In Singapore, the Land Transport Authority invested millions of dollars to expand the country’s sheltered walkways. (Allow people to reach their destination more conveniently and using non-motorised methods of transport)
Reasons why transport systems are located in cities (4 main reasons)
- Movement of people
- Movement of Goods and Services
- Connecting different transport modes
- Connecting cities
What are the two classifications between the connections between cities:
Direct and Indirect
What is a direct connection between cities:
Point-to-point
- Connects set locations directly without any interruption of service (continuous travel)
- Allow people to travel between locations directly
Definition of Hub-and-Spoke:
The hub and spoke model is a system where a central hub (or node) serves as the main point of connection, with multiple spokes (or routes) extending outward from this central point.
The hub facilitates connections between various spokes, centralizing the transfer of goods, people, or information.
Transport systems facilitate: (Movement of Goods & Services)
- Economic activities
- Movement of goods and services (from business providers to consumers)
Examples of movement of goods and services
With the rise of e-commerce (online shopping), there has been a greater movement of door to door goods delivery (Movement)
Examples of Movement of Goods and Services:
In Singapore, tank trucks deliver petroleum to petrol kiosks, and chilled truck deliver ice to our supermarkets and food centres
Transport systems: (Connecting different transport modes)
Eases the connections between transport modes and between cities
The two types of journeys that can be made from one location to another:
- Unimodal
- Intermodal
Definition of Unimodal
Unimodal Journeys refer to a transportation journey that uses a single mode of transport throughout the entire trip.
(e.g taking a direct bus to and fro school)
Definition of Intermodal
Intermodal Journeys refers to a transportation system or journey that involves using more than one mode of transport to complete a trip. This approach leverages the strengths of different transportation methods to optimize efficiency, cost, and convenience.
(e.g taking bus, then MRT to reach a specific location)
What are the four different optimal conditions that different modes in cities can provide:
(Differing)
- Distance
- Cost
- Time
- Volume of passengers and goods it can carry
Definition of Intermodal connectivity:
It is the seamless movement of passengers or goods between two or more transport modes
(They link different transport modes together so that people can get to more destinations) -> Tap on the strengths of various transport methods
What is required to have an effficient transport network:
Good intermodal connectivity.
Good intermodal connectivity requires Good planning, Quality infrastructure and technological support (to track, monitor and inform users of the progress of the transportation of goods/people)
