Science Trim 2

Question 1

seismic waves:

Answer 1

after-effects of earthquakes

Question 2

basalt:

Answer 2

a dark rock

Question 3

granite:

Answer 3

light rock

Question 4

The Earth’s layers are…

Answer 4

Core, Mantle, Crust

Question 5

The mantle has:

Answer 5

lithosphere and an athenosphere

Question 6

the inner core is:

Answer 6

solid

Question 7

radiation:

Answer 7

heat transfer via space

Question 8

Conduction:

Answer 8

heat transfer via touching materials

Question 9

convection:

Answer 9

heat transfer via fluid movement

Question 10

convection current:

Answer 10

the flow that transfers heat within a liquid

Question 11

Evidence of Pangaea was in 3 types, and they were:

Answer 11

land features, fossils, and climate

Question 12

Alfred Wegener:

Answer 12

a German scientist who had the idea of the continental drift

Question 13

mid-ocean ridge:

Answer 13

baseball-shaped curves in the Earth

Question 14

sonar:

Answer 14

a device bouncing sound waves

Question 15

sea-floor spreading:

Answer 15

the sea floor spreading as new crust replaces it as a cycle

Question 16

evidence for sea-floor spreading:

Answer 16

molten material, magnetic stripes, and drilling samples

Question 17

in deep-ocean trenches, the crust bends _______

Answer 17

downward

Question 18

subduction:

Answer 18

the sea floor spreading

Question 19

tectonic plates:

Answer 19

pieces of Earth’s lithosphere moving about an inch a year

Question 20

fault:

Answer 20

a break in the Earth’s crust

Question 21

divergent boundary:

Answer 21

where 2 plates move apart

Question 22

rift valley:

Answer 22

forming along a divergent boundary

Question 23

transform boundary:

Answer 23

a place where 2 plates slip past each other

Question 24

stress:

Answer 24

a force acting on a rock

Question 25

tension:

Answer 25

pulling on the crust

Question 26

compression:

Answer 26

squeezing rocks together

Question 27

shearing:

Answer 27

rocks pushing in opposite directions

Question 28

hanging wall:

Answer 28

the wall above

Question 29

footwall:

Answer 29

the wall below

Question 30

reverse fault:

Answer 30

a fault in a reverse direction

Question 31

strike-slip fault:

Answer 31

where rocks slip past each other

Question 32

anticline:

Answer 32

up

Question 33

syncline:

Answer 33

down

Question 34

earthquake:

Answer 34

shaking and trembling of the Earth

Question 35

focus:

Answer 35

the area beneath earth’s surface where rock breaks

Question 36

epicenter:

Answer 36

above the focus

Question 37

earthquakes come in…

Answer 37

P, S, and Surface Waves

Question 38

The scales are:

Answer 38

mercalli scale
moment magnitude scale
richter scale

Question 39

seismograph:

Answer 39

an instrument that records earthquake magnitude

Question 40

seismogram:

Answer 40

a record of an earthquake’s lines

Question 41

instruments used to monitor faults:

Answer 41

tilmeter
creep meter
laser-ranging device
gps satellites

Question 42

friction:

Answer 42

rubbing together

Question 43

aftershock:

Answer 43

a following earthquake

Question 44

liquefaction:

Answer 44

when an earthquake’s shaking turns lose into a liquid

Question 45

tsunami:

Answer 45

an earthquake underwater

Question 46

base-isolated building:

Answer 46

a building designed to reduce earthquake damage

Question 47

volcano:

Answer 47

a weak spot in the crust

Question 48

ring of fire:

Answer 48

a belt of earthquakes

Question 49

island arc:

Answer 49

when volcanoes create a string of islands

Question 50

hot spot:

Answer 50

an area where materials deep inside the mantle rises and melts, forming magma

Question 51

lava is magma _____

Answer 51

above ground

Question 52

element:

Answer 52

a substance unbreakable into parts

Question 53

compound:

Answer 53

a substance made from 2+ elements

Question 54

physical property:

Answer 54

any characteristic that can be observed w/o changing composition

Question 55

chemical property:

Answer 55

any property that produces a change of matter

Question 56

viscosity:

Answer 56

the property of liquids

Question 57

if the viscosity is _____, the liquid flows ______

Answer 57

greater, slower

Question 58

if the viscosity is low, liquid flows ______

Answer 58

easier

Question 59

remember high vis=

low vis=

Answer 59

slower

faster

Question 60

silica:

Answer 60

made from oxygen and silicon

Question 61

The more silica, the _______ the viscosity

Answer 61

higher

Question 62

high silica magma makes ______ lava

Answer 62

light

Question 63

the less silica magma contains, the lower the ______

Answer 63

viscosity

Question 64

low-silica magma forms _______

Answer 64

dark lava

Question 65

pahoehoe:

Answer 65

fast-moving and hot lava

Question 66

aa:

Answer 66

cooler lava but slower-moving