Science Comp Flashcards
seismic waves:
after-effects of earthquakes
basalt:
a dark rock
granite:
light rock
The Earth’s layers are…
Core, Mantle, Crust
The mantle has:
lithosphere and an athenosphere
the inner core is:
solid
radiation:
heat transfer via space
Conduction:
heat transfer via touching materials
convection:
heat transfer via fluid movement
convection current:
the flow that transfers heat within a liquid
Evidence of Pangaea was in 3 types, and they were:
land features, fossils, and climate
Alfred Wegener:
a German scientist who had the idea of the continental drift
mid-ocean ridge:
baseball-shaped curves in the Earth
sonar:
a device bouncing sound waves
sea-floor spreading:
the sea floor spreading as new crust replaces it as a cycle
evidence for sea-floor spreading:
molten material, magnetic stripes, and drilling samples
in deep-ocean trenches, the crust bends _______
downward
subduction:
the sea floor spreading
tectonic plates:
pieces of Earth’s lithosphere moving about an inch a year
fault:
a break in the Earth’s crust
divergent boundary:
where 2 plates move apart
rift valley:
forming along a divergent boundary
transform boundary:
a place where 2 plates slip past each other
stress:
a force acting on a rock
tension:
pulling on the crust
compression:
squeezing rocks together
shearing:
rocks pushing in opposite directions
hanging wall:
the wall above
footwall:
the wall below
reverse fault:
a fault in a reverse direction
strike-slip fault:
where rocks slip past each other
anticline:
up
syncline:
down
earthquake:
shaking and trembling of the Earth
focus:
the area beneath earth’s surface where rock breaks
epicenter:
above the focus
earthquakes come in…
P, S, and Surface Waves
The scales are:
mercalli scalemoment magnitude scalerichter scale
seismograph:
an instrument that records earthquake magnitude
seismogram:
a record of an earthquake’s lines
instruments used to monitor faults:
tilmetercreep meterlaser-ranging devicegps satellites
friction:
rubbing together
aftershock:
a following earthquake
liquefaction:
when an earthquake’s shaking turns lose into a liquid
tsunami:
an earthquake underwater
base-isolated building:
a building designed to reduce earthquake damage
volcano:
a weak spot in the crust
ring of fire:
a belt of earthquakes
island arc:
when volcanoes create a string of islands
hot spot:
an area where materials deep inside the mantle rises and melts, forming magma
lava is magma _____
above ground
element:
a substance unbreakable into parts
compound:
a substance made from 2+ elements
physical property:
any characteristic that can be observed w/o changing composition
chemical property:
any property that produces a change of matter
viscosity:
the property of liquids
if the viscosity is _____, the liquid flows ______
greater, slower
if the viscosity is low, liquid flows ______
easier
remember high vis= low vis=
slowerfaster
silica:
made from oxygen and silicon
The more silica, the _______ the viscosity
higher
high silica magma makes ______ lava
light
the less silica magma contains, the lower the ______
viscosity
low-silica magma forms _______
dark lava
pahoehoe:
fast-moving and hot lava
aa:
cooler lava but slower-moving
Science means ___ in Latin
scire
