Science Comp Flashcards
1
Q
seismic waves:
A
after-effects of earthquakes
2
Q
basalt:
A
a dark rock
3
Q
granite:
A
light rock
4
Q
The Earth’s layers are…
A
Core, Mantle, Crust
5
Q
The mantle has:
A
lithosphere and an athenosphere
6
Q
the inner core is:
A
solid
7
Q
radiation:
A
heat transfer via space
8
Q
Conduction:
A
heat transfer via touching materials
9
Q
convection:
A
heat transfer via fluid movement
10
Q
convection current:
A
the flow that transfers heat within a liquid
11
Q
Evidence of Pangaea was in 3 types, and they were:
A
land features, fossils, and climate
12
Q
Alfred Wegener:
A
a German scientist who had the idea of the continental drift
13
Q
mid-ocean ridge:
A
baseball-shaped curves in the Earth
14
Q
sonar:
A
a device bouncing sound waves
15
Q
sea-floor spreading:
A
the sea floor spreading as new crust replaces it as a cycle
16
Q
evidence for sea-floor spreading:
A
molten material, magnetic stripes, and drilling samples
17
Q
in deep-ocean trenches, the crust bends _______
A
downward
18
Q
subduction:
A
the sea floor spreading
19
Q
tectonic plates:
A
pieces of Earth’s lithosphere moving about an inch a year
20
Q
fault:
A
a break in the Earth’s crust
21
Q
divergent boundary:
A
where 2 plates move apart
22
Q
rift valley:
A
forming along a divergent boundary
23
Q
transform boundary:
A
a place where 2 plates slip past each other
24
Q
stress:
A
a force acting on a rock
25
tension:
pulling on the crust
26
compression:
squeezing rocks together
27
shearing:
rocks pushing in opposite directions
28
hanging wall:
the wall above
29
footwall:
the wall below
30
reverse fault:
a fault in a reverse direction
31
strike-slip fault:
where rocks slip past each other
32
anticline:
up
33
syncline:
down
34
earthquake:
shaking and trembling of the Earth
35
focus:
the area beneath earth's surface where rock breaks
36
epicenter:
above the focus
37
earthquakes come in...
P, S, and Surface Waves
38
The scales are:
mercalli scalemoment magnitude scalerichter scale
39
seismograph:
an instrument that records earthquake magnitude
40
seismogram:
a record of an earthquake's lines
41
instruments used to monitor faults:
tilmetercreep meterlaser-ranging devicegps satellites
42
friction:
rubbing together
43
aftershock:
a following earthquake
44
liquefaction:
when an earthquake's shaking turns lose into a liquid
45
tsunami:
an earthquake underwater
46
base-isolated building:
a building designed to reduce earthquake damage
47
volcano:
a weak spot in the crust
48
ring of fire:
a belt of earthquakes
49
island arc:
when volcanoes create a string of islands
50
hot spot:
an area where materials deep inside the mantle rises and melts, forming magma
51
lava is magma _____
above ground
52
element:
a substance unbreakable into parts
53
compound:
a substance made from 2+ elements
54
physical property:
any characteristic that can be observed w/o changing composition
55
chemical property:
any property that produces a change of matter
56
viscosity:
the property of liquids
57
if the viscosity is _____, the liquid flows ______
greater, slower
58
if the viscosity is low, liquid flows ______
easier
59
remember high vis= low vis=
slowerfaster
60
silica:
made from oxygen and silicon
61
The more silica, the _______ the viscosity
higher
62
high silica magma makes ______ lava
light
63
the less silica magma contains, the lower the ______
viscosity
64
low-silica magma forms _______
dark lava
65
pahoehoe:
fast-moving and hot lava
66
aa:
cooler lava but slower-moving
67
Science means ___ in Latin
scire
68
Science is...
a way of learning about the natural world
69
scientists use skills such as:
observing (using their senses)inferring (believe something is true)predicting
70
Scientific Inquiry:
to be curiousinquire=to ask ?s
71
Questions help...
form a hypothesis (educated guess)
72
Scientific Method:
Posing QuestionsDeveloping a HypothesisDesigning an ExperimentCollect+Interpret DataConclusionCommunicating
73
Inferring:
explain/interpret things
74
Scientific theory:
well tested explanation
75
How people change their world to meet their needs is...
technology
76
engineer:
a person trained to use both technology and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems
77
Biosphere:
all living things
78
Lithosphere:
actual surface of the Earth
79
Atmosphere:
the air and surrounding layers
80
Hydrosphere:
all the water on the earth
81
Environmental Science:
studies earth's environment and resources
82
Oceanographer:
studies the oceans
83
Geologist:
studies the solid earth
84
Meteorologist:
studies the weather and atmosphere
85
Astronomer:
studies the universe
86
Models are useful for:
understanding incomprehensible concepts
87
Topographic Map:
map showing the physical/surface features of an area
88
Topographic maps provide high information based on-
elevation, relief, and slope
89
A ______ _______ connects points of equal elavation
contour line
90
The change of elevation from contour to contour line is a...
contour interval
91
Contour intervals are always ___ ____
the same
92
Index contours:
every 5th contour line (in dark lines) and are labeled with the elevation above sea levels in round units such as 2k ft above sea level
93
In the US, topographic maps are at a scale of:
1:24,000
94
Topographic symbols:
cross: airportladder: railroadflag: schooldoughnut with lines: depressionswiggly lines: rivercircle in a circle in a circle: elevated area
95
prime meridian runs thru:
Greenwich, England
96
latitude:
up
97
longtitude:
down
98
a mineral is:
naturally occurring inorganic, solid, crystal structure, definite chemical composition
99
streak:
color of a mineral power
100
luster:
how light shines on a mineral
101
density is based on=
mass____volume
102
Mohs hardness scale order:
talcgypsumcalcitefluroriteapatitefeldsparquartztopazcorundumdiamond
103
cleavage:
a mineral breaking evenly
104
fracture:
a mineral breaking unevenly
105
geode:
rounded hollow rock with crystal lining
106
solution:
mixture of a substance is dissolved in another
107
Minerals form by...
water solution and evaporation
108
gemstone:
hard, colorful mineral with a brilliant/glassy luster
109
smelting:
process of metals becoming filtered
110
alloy:
solid mixture of 2+ minerals
111
limestone is from:
organic rock
112
limestone from precipitated calcite is:
chemical rock
113
sandstone is...
a chemical rock
114
igneous rocks with large crystals are most likely...
intrusive rocks
115
a rock from another rock is:
sedimentary
116
most metamorphic rock forms:
deep underground
117
granite _____ a sedimentary rock
ISN'T
118
Rock forming minerals make the earth's ____
crust
119
texture:
look and feel
120
intrusive:
inside
121
extrusive:
outside
122
compaction:
the process of pressing sediments
123
sedimentary rock from other living things:
organic rock
124
cementation:
gluing crystallizing minerals
125
erosion:
when ice, water, or wind wears away things
126
igneous rocks form when... cools
magma/lava
127
metamorphic rocks is changed by:
chemical reactions, heat, pressure
128
rounded or jagged=
grain shape
129
non-banded or banded=
grain pattern
130
fine/coarse=
grain size
131
skeletons of living coral grow together to form a:
coral reef
132
corals absorb...
calcium
133
coral shells are from:
calcite
134
plastic:
a synthesized material from chemicals such as polyester, pvc, nylon
135
gyre:
big heaps of trash in ocean
136
plastic is broken down by...
sunlight
137
garbage eg bananas eventually...
breaks down into soil
138
How plastic spreads:
an animal mistakes plastic for food, then gets eaten, then that animal who ate that animal gets eat, vise versa
139
solar energy:
energy via sun
140
solar cells...
absorb solar power
141
Hydroelectric power:
electricity via flowing water
142
Biomass Fuel can be used with...
wood, leaves, poop
143
gasohol:
fusion of alcohol and gas
144
geothermal energy:
the heat from Earth
145
Nuclear fission:
when nuclear reactions convert matter to energy
146
nuclear fusion:
atom splitting
147
U 235=
Uranium
148
A reactor vessel is where...
fission occurs
149
risks of nuclear fission:
meltdowns and radioactive materials in environment
150
insulation:
a layer that traps air and blocks heat in windows
151
10% of electricity is actually _____. rest is heat
light
152
97% of water on earth is...
salt
153
evaporation:
when liquid turns into gas
154
condensation:
warm air carries water to the clouds
155
tributaries:
streams and rivers that flow into a main river
156
a river and its tributaries make a...
water system
157
watershed:
the land area that supplies water to a river system
158
divide:
when a watershed is seperated
159
the 3 freshwater wetlands are:
swamps, bogs, and marshes
160
Wetlands provide ______
habitats
161
Wetlands can act as _______
filters
162
ground water:
precipitation sinking in the ground
163
aquifer:
underground layer of water in soil
164
artisan well:
a well operating by pressure
165
permeable rock:
allowing liquid to pass
166
impermeable:
not easy for liquid to pass
167
unsaturated zone:
the rocks and soil above the water table
168
saturated zone:
permeable layer that gets filled with water
169
water table:
the level of the top of the water
