Science (The cell) Flashcards
1
Q
- What are differences among members of the same species called?
- What is it?
A
- character traits
2. a physical, psychological or physiological attribute that may vary from one individual to another
2
Q
- What do most cells contain and what does IT contain?
2. What are the molecules that contain genetic material called?
A
- nucleus, holding an individual’s basic genetic information
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
3
Q
- DNA is made up of 2 long coiled chains called a…?
- What does it look like uncoiled?
- What is each half of the ladder?
- What is each half of the RUNG called?
- What does it consist of?
A
- double helix
- a long ladder with millions of rungs
- a strand of DNA
- nucleotide or a nitrogenous base
- a base attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone
4
Q
What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
A
- deoxyribose (a sugar)
- a phosphate group
- one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
5
Q
How doe the nitrogenous bases pair up?
A
adenine-thymine
thymine-adenine
guanine-cytosine
cytosine-guanine
6
Q
- What is a gene and what does it determine?
- How do individuals pass on their genes?
- What is our entire set of genes called?
A
- segment of DNA that determines a particular genetic character
- sexual reproduction
- human genome
7
Q
A portion of what kind of DNA is composed of non-coding DNA sequences and what did this used to be called?
A
eukaryotic (98%)
junk DNA
8
Q
What is each complete DNA molecule called?
A
chromosome
9
Q
- How many chromosomes do each human cell contain?
2. Where do these pairs of chromosomes come from?
A
- 46
2. one from mother, one from father
10
Q
- What is a karyotype?
- What does the 23rd pair of chromosomes determine?
- What does it look like for women? For men?
A
- an ordered representation of an individual’s chromosomes obtained by grouping them into pairs according to size
- sex
- XX, XY
