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Science Sec 3 > Science Test: Chemistry, Energy, Nutrition, Digestion > Flashcards

Science Test: Chemistry, Energy, Nutrition, Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

Define pure substances.

A

Pure substances are made from just one type of atom or molecule. A pure substance can break into an element or a compound.

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2
Q

Define atoms.

A

Atoms are the building blocks of matter. They are the smallest unit of matter.

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3
Q

Define an element.

A

An element is made up of one type of atom. They are found in nature. They are found on the periodic table. All elements are pure substances.

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4
Q

Define a molecule.

A

Atoms connected together by chemical bonds.

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5
Q

Define a compound.

A

A compound is made from two or more different elements connected together by chemical bonds.

Every compound is a molecule, but not every molecule is a compound.

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6
Q

Define a physical change.

A

The molecules are the same - they just have a different appearance.

  • Change of shape
  • Change of state
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7
Q

Define a chemical change.

A

The original molecules have changed into new or different molecules.

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8
Q

What are the signs of a chemical change?

A
  • Gas forms
  • Precipitate forms (solid comes out of the solution)

Examples:

  • Colour change
  • Photosynthesis
  • Digestion
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9
Q

What are the signs of a physical change?

A
  • There is a phase change
  • There is a dissolution (solute+slovent+solution)
  • There is a dilution (solution+solvent+diluted solution)
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10
Q

What are the 4 types of chemical changes?

A
  • Synthesis (photosynthesis)
  • Decomposition (respiration)
  • Oxidation
  • Precipitation
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11
Q

Define synthesis.

A

When you require energy to combine or make a new/ more complex molecule.

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12
Q

Define decomposition.

A

When you release energy by breaking down bonds within a more complicated molecule to produce new ones.

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13
Q

Define oxidation.

A

A reaction involving atmospheric oxygen. (It’s a form of synthesis)

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14
Q

Define precipitation.

A

A precipitation reaction involves the mixing of two liquids, which results in the production of a solid substance.

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15
Q

Define a physical property.

A

Used to observe or measure a substance without changing the substance.

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16
Q

What are some examples of physical property tests?

A
  • Colour
  • Temperature
  • Texture
  • Odor
  • Density
  • Melting point
  • Boiling point
  • Electrical conductivity
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17
Q

Define a chemical property.

A

How two substances react with each other, making a new substance.

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18
Q

What are some examples of chemical property tests?

A
  • Combustibility
  • Reaction in contact with water
  • Reacts with an acid
  • Reacts to oxygen
  • Reaction to indicators (litmus, etc,)
  • Resistance to corrosion (rust)
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19
Q

Define a mixture.

A

Mixtures are formed when two or more substances are combined physically. Mixtures are not pure substances.

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20
Q

Define a homogeneous mixture.

A

When two or more pure substances are mixed together but become differentiable. Each substance evenly spreads throughout the other so it is hard to tell what was originally mixed.

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21
Q

Define a heterogeneous mixture.

A

When two or more pure substances are mixed together but remain separate. They keep their own properties and do not mix.

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22
Q

What are solutions?

A

Mixtures of a solute and a solvent.

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23
Q

What is solubility?

A

The chemical property of how much of a solute can dissolve in a solvent.

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24
Q

Why is energy necessary?

A

Energy is necessary to produce heat and motion. It is what makes our muscles contract and what makes the temperature rise to melt snow.

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25
Q

What is energy measured in?

A

Joules.

26
Q

What are the types of energy?

A
  • Chemical energy
  • Mechanical energy
  • Thermal energy
  • Radiant energy
27
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Chemical energy is a form of energy found in the bonds that keep the atoms of a molecule together.

28
Q

What is mechanical energy?

A

It is a form of energy related to movement.

29
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

It is a form of energy caused by the motion of particles in matter (heat). A change in thermal energy can lead to a change in phase.

30
Q

What is radiant energy?

A

It is the form of energy contained in light and other electromagnetic waves.

31
Q

Define energy transfer.

A

Passed along from one body (or thing) to another.

Example:
Mechanical energy of arm –> mechanical energy of hammer –> mechanical energy of nail

32
Q

Define energy transformation.

A

Changed from one form to another.

Examples:

sun –> grown carrot (light –> chemical)
put plug in the wall –> stove heats up (electrical –> thermal)
gas –> driving the car (chemical –> mechanical)

33
Q

Define energy transmission.

A

When one type of energy flows through an object/body and exits as the same form of energy.

Example:

Electricity traveling from the power plant to cities by power lines.

34
Q

How does your body link with nutrition?

A

Your body converts the chemical energy from the food you eat into mechanical energy so you can move and into thermal energy to keep your body temperature the same.

35
Q

What are all the nutrients?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Fats/Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Water
36
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A

Contains starches. Or. Substances that release sugars during digestion (glucose)
Transformed into energy by the body.
Provides energy.

[Fruits, vegetables, whole grains]

37
Q

What is the function of fats/lipids?

A
  • Provides the body with energy and stores it.
  • Insulates the body
  • Cushions the vital organs

[Dairy, vegetable oils, fish, nuts, avocado, dark chocolare]

38
Q

What is the function of proteins?

A
  • Allows the body to build and repair cells
  • Provides energy when there are not enough fats or carbohydrates (backup)

[Meat, beans, eggs, fish, nuts, dairy, soy]

39
Q

What is the function of vitamins?

A
  • Vital for various body functions
  • Helps to regulate metabolism and chemical reactions in the body
    Ex. A, B12, C, D

[Fruits, vegetables]

40
Q

What is the function of minerals?

A
  • Minerals make up various tissues like cartilage, teeth, bones, and nerves.
    Ex. Mg, Fe, K, Ca…

[Fruits, vegetables, metals]

41
Q

What is the function of water?

A
  • A pure substance that makes up 60% of the body
  • It is important to many chemical reactions;
  • Regulates metabolism, and helps to carry substances to different parts of the body
42
Q

What is the function of fibre?

A

It is not a nutrient. It cleans the digestive system.

[fruits, vegetables, seeds, granola, grains]

43
Q

What is a calorie?

A

Energy from heat or 1 calorie equals the amount of energy requires to heat 1L of water by 1 degree Celsius.

44
Q

What is the function of the mouth?

A
  • Masticate food into smaller pieces
  • Tongue rolls back and pushes food to back of throat
  • Saliva lubricates food
45
Q

What are the food transformations of the mouth?

A
  • Mechanical (from teeth)

- Chemical (from saliva)

46
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A
  • Pushes food down to stomach through muscle contractions called peristalsis.
47
Q

What is the food transformation of the esophagus?

A
  • Mechanical (peristalsis)
48
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A
  • Churns food (muscle contractions mix)

- Gastric juices break food down into simpler molecules

49
Q

What are the food transformations of the stomach?

A
  • Mechanical (churning food)

- Chemical (gastric juices)

50
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A
  • Absorbs proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into the bloodstream through ‘villi’.
  • Pushes rest through via peristalsis
51
Q

What are the food transformations of the small intestine?

A
  • Chemical (digestive juices)

- Mechanical (peristalsis)

52
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A
  • Absorbs water, vitamins, and minerals

- Pushes rest through via peristalsis

53
Q

What is the food transformation of the large intestine?

A
  • Mechanical (peristalsis)
54
Q

What is the function of the anus?

A
  • Exit for waste
55
Q

What is the function and secretion of the salivary gland?

A

Function:
Breaks down carbohydrates
Secretion:
Saliva

56
Q

What is the function and secretion of the gastric gland?

A

Function:
Breaks down proteins into amino acids
Secretion:
Gastric enzymes

57
Q

What is the function and secretion of the pancreas?

A

Function:
Breaks down carbs, proteins, and fats
Secretion:
Pancreatic juices

58
Q

What is the function and secretion of the liver?

A

Function:
Breaks down fats
Secretion:
Bile

59
Q

What is the function and secretion of the intestinal glands?

A

Function:
Fats into smaller molecules
Secretion:
Intestinal juices

60
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Peristalsis is the muscle contractions that help push the food.

61
Q

What are the stages of digestion?

A

Digestion of food (in mouth and stomach) –> absorption of nutrients (in intestines) –> elimination of waste (through anus)

Science Sec 3 (9 decks)

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