Science - States Of Matter Flashcards
What makes something move from one state (phase) to another?
When energy is added or taken away.
What are the 3 main states of matter?
Solids Liquids Gases (Still to come... Plasmas BE condensates)
What are the properties of a solid?
Particles are close together.
Particles vibrate around a fixed point.
Hard to compress
Fixed volume and shape.
What are the properties of a liquid?
Particles are quite close together. No fixed shape. Has a fixed volume. Hard to compress. Takes the shape of any container.
What are the properties of a gas?
Particles are free to move anywhere.
Particles move in a rapid random motion.
Expand to fill a container.
Can collide with each other.
Easy to compress.
There is a force that keeps the particles together. This force is strongest in a solid and weakest in a gas.
What happens to a solid to become a liquid?
It melts (add energy)
What happens to a liquid to become a gas?
Evaporation (add energy)
What happens to a gas to become a liquid?
Condensation (reduce energy)
What happens to a liquid to become a solid?
Freezing (reduce energy)
What do you call the temperature at which a solid melts?
Melting point (duh)
What do you call the temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas?
Boiling point
Which gas misses out the liquid phase when changing?
Carbon Dioxide.
Define ‘mixture’.
2 or more substances that can easily be separated.
E.g. Sea water
Define ‘pure’.
Contains only 1 substance.
Define ‘solute’.
A solid that dissolves in a liquid.
Define ‘solution’.
Solute + solvent
Define solvent.
A liquid in which a substance is dissolved.
Define ‘unsaturated’.
There is still room to hold more solid.
Define ‘saturated’.
The liquid cannot hold any more solute.
Define ‘soluble’.
It can dissolve.
Define ‘insoluble’.
It can’t dissolve.
Define ‘compound’.
Chemicals made from atoms of different elements joined by chemical bonds.
Define ‘mixture’.
Made from molecules of elements and compounds that are mixed together without chemical bonds.
Define ‘element’.
A pure chemical substance consisting of a single atom.
What happens to a solid when it is heated? Why?
It expands because the particles move more.
Why do solids have a fixed shape and cannot be squashed?
The particles in solids are close together and have no space to move.
Why can liquids take the shape of a container?
Their particles are close together but they can still move around each other. (But they can’t be compressed).
Why can a gas completely fill a container?
The particles move in all directions and spread out because there is a lot of space between them. This also means that a gas can easily be squashed.
What do we can solid water?
Ice
What do we call liquid water?
Water (tricky question!)
What do we can water as a gas?
Steam
If room temperature is 25*C what is the melting point and boiling point of iron?
Mp: 1535* C
Bp: 2750* C
If room temperature is 25*C what is the melting point and boiling point of mercury?
Mp: -39
Bp: 357
If room temperature is 25*C what is the melting point and boiling point of oxygen?
Mp: -218
Bp: - 183
