Science - States Of Matter

Question 0

What makes something move from one state (phase) to another?

Answer 0

When energy is added or taken away.

Question 1

What are the 3 main states of matter?

Answer 1

Solids
Liquids
Gases
(Still to come...
Plasmas
BE condensates)

Question 2

What are the properties of a solid?

Answer 2

Particles are close together.
Particles vibrate around a fixed point.
Hard to compress
Fixed volume and shape.

Question 3

What are the properties of a liquid?

Answer 3

Particles are quite close together. 
No fixed shape. 
Has a fixed volume. 
Hard to compress. 
Takes the shape of any container.

Question 4

What are the properties of a gas?

Answer 4

Particles are free to move anywhere.
Particles move in a rapid random motion.
Expand to fill a container.
Can collide with each other.
Easy to compress.
There is a force that keeps the particles together. This force is strongest in a solid and weakest in a gas.

Question 5

What happens to a solid to become a liquid?

Answer 5

It melts (add energy)

Question 6

What happens to a liquid to become a gas?

Answer 6

Evaporation (add energy)

Question 7

What happens to a gas to become a liquid?

Answer 7

Condensation (reduce energy)

Question 8

What happens to a liquid to become a solid?

Answer 8

Freezing (reduce energy)

Question 9

What do you call the temperature at which a solid melts?

Answer 9

Melting point (duh)

Question 10

What do you call the temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas?

Answer 10

Boiling point

Question 11

Which gas misses out the liquid phase when changing?

Answer 11

Carbon Dioxide.

Question 12

Define ‘mixture’.

Answer 12

2 or more substances that can easily be separated.

E.g. Sea water

Question 13

Define ‘pure’.

Answer 13

Contains only 1 substance.

Question 14

Define ‘solute’.

Answer 14

A solid that dissolves in a liquid.

Question 15

Define ‘solution’.

Answer 15

Solute + solvent

Question 16

Define solvent.

Answer 16

A liquid in which a substance is dissolved.

Question 17

Define ‘unsaturated’.

Answer 17

There is still room to hold more solid.

Question 18

Define ‘saturated’.

Answer 18

The liquid cannot hold any more solute.

Question 19

Define ‘soluble’.

Answer 19

It can dissolve.

Question 20

Define ‘insoluble’.

Answer 20

It can’t dissolve.

Question 21

Define ‘compound’.

Answer 21

Chemicals made from atoms of different elements joined by chemical bonds.

Question 22

Define ‘mixture’.

Answer 22

Made from molecules of elements and compounds that are mixed together without chemical bonds.

Question 23

Define ‘element’.

Answer 23

A pure chemical substance consisting of a single atom.

Question 24

What happens to a solid when it is heated? Why?

Answer 24

It expands because the particles move more.

Question 25

Why do solids have a fixed shape and cannot be squashed?

Answer 25

The particles in solids are close together and have no space to move.

Question 26

Why can liquids take the shape of a container?

Answer 26

Their particles are close together but they can still move around each other. (But they can’t be compressed).

Question 27

Why can a gas completely fill a container?

Answer 27

The particles move in all directions and spread out because there is a lot of space between them. This also means that a gas can easily be squashed.

Question 28

What do we can solid water?

Answer 28

Ice

Question 29

What do we call liquid water?

Answer 29

Water (tricky question!)

Question 30

What do we can water as a gas?

Answer 30

Steam

Question 31

If room temperature is 25*C what is the melting point and boiling point of iron?

Answer 31

Mp: 1535* C
Bp: 2750* C

Question 32

If room temperature is 25*C what is the melting point and boiling point of mercury?

Answer 32

Mp: -39
Bp: 357

Question 33

If room temperature is 25*C what is the melting point and boiling point of oxygen?

Answer 33

Mp: -218
Bp: - 183